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一．阅读Gotthesniffles(抽鼻子)?You’renotalone.ThecommoncoldwillstrikeintheUnitedStatesmorethan61milliontimesthisyear.That’salotofstuffynoses,sorethroats,andcoughs.You’dthinkscientistswouldhavefoundacurebynow.Forbeingsocommon,however,acoldisquitecomplex.抽鼻子了吗？不止是你哦。普通感冒今年会袭击美国六千一百万次以上。许多人因此会鼻塞、喉咙痛、咳嗽。你会认为科学家到现在早就找到治愈的良方了。然而，如此普通的感冒却十分复杂。Acoldiscausedbyavirus.Andit’snotjustonetypeofvirus.Morethan200virusescausecolds.Acoldvirusattackshealthycellsofthenose,throat,orlungs.Thevirusgetsintothecellsandtakescontrol.Asinglevirusmakeshundredsorthousandsofcoldvirusesinsideeachcell.Eventually,thecellburstsopenanddies.Theviruses,though,escapeandattackotherhealthycells.Bynowyou’resneezingandcoughing.Yourthroatissore.Theviruseskeepinfectingyourhealthycells.感冒是由病毒引起的，而且不止是一种病毒。引起感冒的病毒有两百多种。感冒病毒侵害鼻腔、喉咙或肺部的健康细胞。病毒侵入细胞后会控制细胞。单是一种病毒就能在每个细胞内部制造出数以百计或千计的感冒病毒。细胞最终因此而破裂并死亡。而病毒却逃出并袭击其他健康细胞。现在的你在打喷嚏、咳嗽、喉咙痛吧。病毒不停地侵害健康细胞。Onlyyourbodycanfightcoldviruses.Billionsofwhitebloodcellstravelintheblood.Whitebloodcellsmakeantibodies(抗体).Theseproteinsattachthemselvestovirusesanddestroythem.It’saslowprocess.Killingthevirusestakesonetotwoweeks.只有你的身体才能对抗感冒病毒。血液里有数以亿计的能制造抗体白细胞。这些蛋白质依附在病毒之上并杀死病毒。过程很缓慢，杀死病毒需要一到两周的时间。Whatcanyoudotofightacold?Thereisn’tmuchyoucando.Antibioticdrugsdon’tworkagainstviruses.Nosedropsandcoughmedicinesonlyrelievesymptoms.Chickensoupseemstohelp.VitaminCmayhelptoo.Adoseof1,000milligramsofVitaminConthefirstdayofacoldmayquickenyourrecovery.怎样才能对抗感冒呢？你能做的不多。抗生素药物无法对抗病毒。滴鼻剂和咳嗽药只能缓解症状。鸡汤似乎有点用处，维他命C也有用处。患感冒的第一天服用1000毫克剂量的维他命C能加快康复。Behealthyandyoumaynotcatchacoldatall.Eatawell-balanceddietandgeteighthoursofsleepeachday.Exerciseregularly.Thecoldvirusspreadsthroughtheair,sostayawayfromcoughing,sneezingpeople.Also,thecoldviruscanliveuptothreehoursoutsidethebody.Thatmeansyoucanpickinupfromtouchingmoney,doorknobs,andotherpeople.Sowashyourhandsoften.Preventionisthebestaction!身体健康就不会患感冒。平衡饮食和每天八小时睡眠，经常锻炼。感冒病毒在空气中传播，因此要避开咳嗽和打喷嚏的人。感冒病毒离开人体后能够存活三小时以上，这意味着你可能因为接触钱币、门把和其他人而染上病毒。要注意洗手，预防是最好的手段。1.ThispassageismainlyconcernedwithD.A.antibodiesB.virusesC.antibioticsD.commoncolds2.ThecommoncoldisstartedbyB.A.alowwhite-bloodcellcountB.avirusC.apoordietD.shakinghandswithotherpeople3.Wecanconcludefromthispassagethatthecommoncold.A.willbecurableinthenearfutureB.causesfatigue(疲乏，疲劳)andwateryeyesC.issomethingpeoplejusthavetolivewithD.canbepreventedwithnosedrops4.Inthesecondandthirdparagraphs,theauthorexplainstheworkingsofacoldvirusthroughA.A.astep-by-stepexplanationB.scientificstudiesC.detailedwordpicturesD.alistofsymptoms5.AntibodiesareA.A.proteinsthatattackvirusesB.whitebloodcellsC.drugsthatfightvirusesD.vitaminsAlawyerfriendofminehasdevotedherselftotheserviceofhumanity.Herspecialareaiscalled“publicinterestlaw”.我的一位律师朋友致力于人道服务。她钻研的特别领域称为“公众利益法”。Manyotherlawyersrepresent(代表)onlyclientswhocanpayhighfees.Alllawyershavehadexpensiveandhighlyspecializedtraining,andtheyworklong,difficulthoursforthemoneytheyearn.Butwhathappenstopeoplewhoneedlegalhelpandcannotaffordtopaythelawyers’fees?许多其他律师只为出得起高价的客户辩护。所有律师都经历过价格不菲专业性极强的训练，他们凭长时间艰苦的工作挣钱。但是，那些需要法律援助却付不起律师费的人如何是好？Publicinterestlawyersfillthisneed.Patricia,likeotherpublicinterestlawyers,earnsasalarymuchbelowwhatsomelawyerscanearn.Becausesheiswillingtotakelessmoney,herclientshavethehelptheyneed,eveniftheycanpaynothingatall.公众利益律师满足了这一需要。与其他公众利益律师一样，帕翠西亚比一些律师挣到的收入低很多。因为她愿意少拿钱，即便她的客户什么也付不起，他们也获得了所需要的帮助。Someclientsneedlegalhelpbecausestoreshavecheatedthemwithfaultymerchandise(商品).Othersareinunsafeapartments,orarethreatenedwitheviction(逐出，赶出)andhavenoplacetogo.Theircasesareallcalled“civil”cases.Stillothersareaccusedofcriminalacts,andseekthosepublicinterestlawyerswhohandle“criminal”cases.Therearejustafewofthemanysituationsinwhichthemenandwomenwhoarepublicinterestlawyersservetoextendjusticethroughoutoursociety.一些客户因为商店以假冒伪劣商品欺骗了他们，因而需要法律援助。有些客户因为居住在不安全的公寓里，或者受到驱逐威胁无家可归。这些案件都称为“民事”案件。还有一些客户被指控有犯罪行为，他们也会找专事“刑事”案件的公众利益律师为他们辩护。众多案件中只有位数不多的数起需要公众利益律师在全社会范围内伸张正义。1.ApersonwhoneedsanduseslegalhelpiscalledaB.A.LawyerB.clientC.farmerD.caseworker2.PublicinterestlawyersserveD.A.OnlystoresandlandlordsB.criminalsonlyC.peoplewhocanpayhighfeesD.peoplewhocanpaylittleornothing3.Ifonlyrichcouldbehelpedbylawyers,thejusticesystemwouldbeA.A.UnfairB.fairandreasonableC.modernD.inneedofnochanges4.PublicinterestlawincludesC.A.CivilcasesonlyB.criminalcasesonlyC.criminalandcivilcasesD.wealthyclients’cases5.Whichofthefollowingisnotamatterforacivilcase?CA.Afarmerisfacedwitheviction.B.Alandlordrefusestofixadangerousstaircase.C.Aburglarisarrested.D.Astoresellsafaultyradio.Helivedinthe16thcentury.Afewthings,butnotreallythatmany,areknownabouthislife.Andyetaroundtheworldtheresultisunanimous(一致同意的):hewasthegreatestwriterwhoeverlived.HisnamewasWilliamShakespeare.他生活在十六世纪，关于他的生平故事，虽说不太多，但还是有一些。他是有史以来最伟大的作家，这是全世界都认同的结果。他的名字就是威廉莎士比亚。Shakespearewasbornin1564inalittletowncalledStratford-on-Avon.Whenhewasinhistwenties,hemadehiswaytoLondon.Therehespentmostofhisworkinglife.Thetheaterwasverypopularatthattime,andsoonShakespearewaswritingplays.Hebelongedtoanactingcompanycalle