英语论文中常用词汇和短语

英语论文中常用词汇和短语差别gapsbetween,differentiatebetween,discrepancies，nointergroupdifferenceNostatisticallysignificantdifferencesinsurvivalwerefoundforMMCorMPMA.AlthoughMMCandMPMAdecreasedwithincreasingnucleargradeandTNMstage,thisdifferencefailedtoachievestatisticalsignificance.存在，出现occurred,occurrence,existed,existence,presence,present多数，少数theoverwhelmingmajorityof,inthemajorityofcases，amarkedmajority,handful方法approaches,avenues,methods,techniques,means,tools发生率Incidence,frequency,prevalenceIncontrastwithregionsofhighincidence,themutationspectrumdidnotshowahighprevalenceofmutationsatA:Tbasepairs.发现，阐明，报道，证实verify,confirm,elucidate,identify,define,characterize,clarify,establish,ascertain,explain,observe,illuminate,illustrate，demonstrate,show,indicate,exhibit,presented,reveal,display,manifest，suggest,propose,estimate,prove,imply,disclose，report,describe，facilitatetheidentificationof，screening，isolation改变change,alteration,高，增加high,enhanced,elevated,increased,forced各种，多种inmultipletypesofneoplasia,invarioustypesofapoptosis,inavarietyoftumors关系，相关，参与closelyinvolvedin,associated,广泛的inanextensivesurvey进行conducte，perform,carryout,降，少，缺decrease,reduction,reduced,diminish,loss,suppression,deficient,low,weak,faint,light,absence,absent,undetectable,lack,defective,negative,poor,impaired,greatlyreducedorcompletelyabsent,frequentlylostordown-expressed,presenteddiscontinuousandweakerexpression,completelynegative,wasnotdetectableordramaticallyreduced,veryfaint,wasundetectableorbarelydetectable,noexpressionwasfound,角色，起作用role,part（limited,potential,early,possiblerole），serveantiapoptoticfunctions可能性feasibility密切地intimately难理解的，似谜的enigmatic(xremainsenigmatic)潜在假定的potential,candidate,putative,缩写abbreviations识别，辨别discernment事件Metastasistotheliverisacommoneventinclinicaloncology.aputativetumorinitiatingeventa(more,extremely,highly,rather,fairly)commoninitial,acommoneventinthesignaltransductionmechanismsof,inthesignaltransductionprocessesacommoneventassociatedwiththemechanismsofacommonearlyeventinresponsesof,afterhigh-dosechemotherapyacommoneventfollowinggestationalexposuretoimmunotoxicantsacommonevent（thatoccurs）duringapoptosisis……acommoneventduringoncogenictransformation,inneoplastictransformationthatdirectlyorindirectlyinvolvesactivationofspecifictyrosinekinasesignalingpathwaysacommoneventthroughwhichacommoneventinvivoarathercommoneventofunknownbiologicalsignificanceacommoneventresultingfromheterogeneousaberrationsacommoneventregardlessofhistologicalsubtyping,butdoesnotbearanypejorativesignificanceacommoneventcontributingtoarare,common,prerequisite,central,major,transient,initiation,stressful,critical,crucial,secondary,independent,regulatory,early,earlier,late,later,subsequent,circumstantial,untoward,upstream,irreversible,veryfrequentevent提供，帮助provide,supply,help(to),contributeto,offer,allow,dedicate,devote,assistin调节（失调，上调，下调）dis-regulation,dys-regulation,up-regulation,up-expression,over-expression,down-expression,down-regulation,推测presume,speculate,confer,conjecture,guess,deduce，deduction(推论)无所不在地(表达，如MEN1)ubiquitously显著,优先的prominent,pronounced,obvious,marked,predominant,strong,striking,notable,Conspicuously,remarkably，significant,preferential,prevalence,prevalent,相关性related,morerelevantwith，therelevanceofnointergroupdifference，irrespectiveofTherewasnosignificantcorrelationtogender,age,clinicalsymptoms,histology,TorNstatus,TNMstage,ortumorlocation.NeithereNOSnornNOSexpressionwasassociatedwithvasculardensity,tumorgradeortheTNMstatusofthetumors.NocorrelationswerefoundbetweenbFGFandage,menopausalstatus,TNMorpTNM,histology,SBRgradingorsteroidreceptors.wedidnotfindanycorrelationbetweenbaxexpressionandanyclinicopathologicparameters(sex,age,TNMstatus,tumorgrade,histologicaltype).相同，同等并列ThecoordinatedinductionofallthreeFOXO3atargetspromptedustoexaminethestatusofFOXO3aitselfwithasimilarpatternto协同，加强synergizewith研究analysis,survey,study,research,investigation,experiments,trial,observations,assessment,inquiry,examinations,pursueinvestigationinto,analyze,detect,determinate,befocusedon,measure,examine,test,assess,evaluate,explore,一致whichisinaccordwiththeresultswhichcorroboratedtheresultswhichsupportedtheresults优缺点meritsanddrawbacks，beneficialanddetrimental异常aberration,abnormality重要crucial,key,important,major,beofcriticalimportance相反Onthecontrary,Incontrary,butquiteonthecontraryinsharpcontrast,contrarytowhatwouldbeexpectedContrarytotheexpectationthatContrarytopreviousbeliefs,Contrarytothehypothesis,ContrarytocurrentpopulartruismsContrarytocurrentcognitivetheories,However,contrarytoexpectation,…….Contrarytopredictions,…incontrasttopreviousobservations…Contrarytoprediction,……Contrarytomostpreviousclaims,与一起incombinationwith,coupledwith由于、鉴于InlightofInviewthat常用翻译技巧转自[译天下]英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异，因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难，需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、正译法、反译法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。这些技巧不但可以运用于笔译之中，也可以运用于口译过程中，而且应该用得更加熟练，因为口译工作的特点决定了译员没有更多的时间进行思考。1.增译法：指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式，在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多，而英语句子一般都要有主语