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英语语法术语中英文对照词性partofspeech1.名词noun1)专有名词propernoun2)普通名词commonnoun3)可数名词countablenoun4)不可数名词uncountablenoun5)抽象名词abstractnoun6)具体名词concretenoun7)物质名词materialnoun8)集体名词collectivenoun9)个体名词individualnoun2.动词verb1)及物动词transitiveverb2)不及物动词intransitiveverb3)限定动词finiteverbform4)非限定动词non-finiteverbform5)主动词mainverb6)系动词linkverb7)助动词auxiliaryverb8)情态动词modalverb9)规则动词regularverb10)不规则动词irregularverb11)短语动词phrasalverb12)限定动词finiteverb13)非限定动词infiniteverb14)使役动词causativeverb15)感官动词verbofsenses16)动态动词eventverb17)静态动词stateverb3.形容词adjective4.副词adverb1）方式副词adverbofmanner2）程度副词adverbofdegree3）时间副词adverboftime4）地点副词adverbofplace5）修饰性副词adjunct6）连接性副词conjunct7）疑问副词interrogativeadverb8）关系副词relativeadverb5.代词pronoun1）人称代词personalpronoun2）物主代词possessivepronoun名词性物主代词nominalpossessivepronoun形容词性物主代词adjectivalpossessivepronoun3）反身代词reflexivepronoun4）指示代词demonstrativepronoun5）疑问代词interrogativepronoun6）关系代词relativepronoun7）不定代词indefinitepronoun6.冠词article1）定冠词definitearticle2）不定冠词indefinitearticle7.数词numeral1）基数词cardinalnumeral2）序数词ordinalnumeral8.介词preposition9.连词conjunction10.感叹词exclamation一、数/格/性number/case/gender1.数number1）单数形式singularform2）复数形式pluralform3）规则形式regularform4）不规则形式irregularform2.格case1）普通格commoncase2）所有格possessivecase3）主格nominativecase4）宾格objectivecase3.性gender1）阴性feminine2）阳性masculine3）中性neuter4）通性common4.人称person第一人称firstperson第二人称secondperson第三人称thirdperson二、句子成分membersofsentences1.主语subject2.谓语predicate3.表语predicative4.宾语object1）双宾语dualobject2）直接宾语directobject3）间接宾语indirectobject4）复合宾语complexobject5）同源宾语cognateobject5.定语attribute6.状语adverbial7.同位语appositive8.补语complement1）主补subjectcomplement2）宾补objectcomplement9.表语predicative10.定语attribute11.同位语appositive12.状语adverbial三、句子sentence(基本句型basicsentencepatern)1.简单句simplesentence2.并列句compoundsentence3.复合句complexsentence4.并列复合句compoundcomplexsentence5.陈述句declarativesentence6.存在句existentialsentence7.疑问句interrogativesentence1）一般疑问句generalquestion2）特殊疑问句specialquestion3）选择疑问句alternativequestion4）反义疑问句disjunctivequestion5）附加疑问句tagquestion6）反义疑问句disjunctivequestion7）修辞疑问句rhetoricalquestion8）感叹疑问句exclamatoryquestion8.肯定句positivesentence9.否定句negativesentence10.祈使句imperativesentence11.省略句ellipticalsentence12.感叹句exclamatorysentence四、语气/语态/语序mood/voice/order1.语气mood1）陈述语气indicativemood2）祈使语气imperativemood3）虚拟语气subjunctivemood2.语态voice主动语态activevoice被动语态passivevoice3.否定negation否定范围scopeofnegation全部否定fullnegation局部否定partialnegation转移否定shiftofnegation4.语序order1）自然语序naturalorder2）倒装语序inversioni.全部倒装fullinversionii.部分倒装partialinversion3）直接引语directspeech4）间接引语indirectspeech5）自由直接引语freedirectspeech6）自由间接引语freeindirectspeech5.一致agreement主谓一致subject-predicateagreement语法一致grammaticalagreement概念一致notionalagreement就近原则principleofproximity强调emphasis重复repetition6.语音pronunciation语调tone升调risingtone降调fallingtone降升调falling-risingtone7.文体style正式文体formal非正式文体informal、口语spoken/oralEnglish套语formulisticexpression英国英语BritishEnglish美国英语AmericanEnglish8.用法usage感情色彩emotionalcoloring褒义commendatory贬义derogatory幽默humorous讽刺sarcastic挖苦ironic词性partofspeech语法grammar句法syntax词法morphology结构structure层次rank句子sentence从句clause词组phrase9.词类partofspeech单词word实词notionalword虚词structuralword单纯词simpleword派生词derivative复合词compound10.句法关系syntaticrelationship并列coordinate从属subordination修饰modification前置修饰pre-modification后置修饰post-modification限制restriction双重限制double-restriction非限制non-restriction五、从句clause1.从属句subordinateclause2.并列句coordinateclause3.名词性从句nominalclause1）主语从句subjectclause2）表语从句predicativeclause3）宾语从句objectclause4）同位语从句appositiveclause4.定语从句attributiveclause5.宾语从句objectclause6.主语从句subjectclause7.同位语从句appositiveclause8.状语从句adverbialclause1）时间状语从句adverbialclauseoftime2）地点状语从句adverbialclauseofplace3）方式状语从句adverbialclauseofmanner4）让步状语从句adverbialclauseofconcession5）原因状语从句adverbialclauseofcause6）结果状语从句adverbialclauseofresult7）目的状语从句adverbialclauseofpurpose8）条件状语从句adverbialclauseofcondition真实条件状语从句adverbialclauseofrealcondition非真实条件状语从句adverbialclauseofunrealcondition含蓄条件句adverbialclauseofimpliedcondition错综条件句adverbialclauseofmixedcondition9）比较状语从句adverbialclauseofcomparison六、时态tense1.现在时presenttense1）一般现在时presentsimpletense2）现在进行时presentcontinuoustense3）现在完成时presentperfecttense4）现在完成进行时presentperfectcontinuoustense2.过去时pasttense1）一般过去时pastsimpletense2）过去进行时pastcontinuoustense3）过去完成时pastperfecttense4）过去完成进行时pastperfectcontinuoustense3.将来时futuretense1）一般将来时futuresimpletense2）将来进行时futurecontinuoustense3）将来完成时futureperfecttense4）将来完成进行时futureperfectcontinuoustense4.其他1）一般过去将来时pastfuturetense2）过去将来进行时pastfuturecontinuoustense3）过去将来完成时pastfutureperfecttense4）过去将来完成进行时pastfutureperfectcontinuoustense