英语语言学试题B卷及答案(重庆三峡学院)

英语语言学试题B卷及答案（重庆三峡学院）I.Definethefollowinglinguisticterms：（2%×10=20%）1）government2）exocentricconstruction3）complementaryantonym4）perlocutionaryforce5）appliedlinguistics6）allophone7）boundmorpheme8）interlanguage9）arbitrariness10）assimilationII.Translation（0.5%×20=10%）TranslatethefollowingtermsintoChinese：（0.5%×10=5%）1）lateral2）linguisticdeterminism3）anthropologicallinguistics4）locutionaryact5）transformation6）co-hyponym7）contextofsituation8）allomorph9）theme10）primarystressTranslatethefollowingtermsintoEnglish：（0.5%×10=5%）11）语篇功能12）意义潜势13）直接成分分析法14）最大节首辅音原则15）聚合关系16）音位规则17）前缀18）语境19）皮钦语20）历时语言学III.Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputthecorrespondingletterA，B，CorDinthebrackets.（1%×20=20%）1)Thestudyoflanguageatonepointoftimeisa_______study.A.synchronicB.historicC.diachronicD.descriptive2）Synonymsareclassifiedintoseveralkinds.Thekindtowhich“fall”and“autumn”belongiscalled_____synonyms.A.stylisticB.dialectalC.emotiveD.collocational3)Thesentence“Johnlikesice-cream”contains________arguments.A.oneB.twoC.noneD.three4)Semanticscanbedefinedasthestudyof________.A.namingB.meaningC.communicationD.context5)Oncethenotionof________wastakenintoconsideration，semanticsspilledintopragmatics.A.meaningB.contextC.formD.content6)Ofthethreespeechacts，linguistsaremostinterestedinthe_______.A.locutionaryactB.perlocutionaryactC.illocutionaryactD.noneoftheabove7)MostoftheviolationsofthemaximsoftheCooperativePrinciplegiveriseto_____.A.utterancemeaningB.speechacttheoryC.conversationalimplicaturesD.noneoftheabove8)ThesignificanceofGrice’sCPliesinthatitexplainshowitispossibleforthespeakertoconvey______isliterallysaid.A.morethanB.lessthanC.thesameasD.noneoftheabove9)Thegoalof______istoexplorethenatureoflanguagevariationandlanguageuseamongavarietyofspeechcommunitiesanddifferentsocialsituations.A.psycholinguisticsB.sociolinguisticsC.historicallinguisticsD.generallinguistics10)BlackEnglishhasanumberofdistinctivefeaturesinitsphonological，morphologicalandsyntacticsystemswhichare_______.A.rule-governedB.systematicC.arbitraryD.bothAandB11）Asmodernlinguisticsaimstodescribeandanalyzethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse，andnottolaydownrulesforcorrectlinguisticbehavior，itissaidtobe___.A.prescriptiveB.sociolinguisticC.descriptiveD.psycholinguistic12)Languageisasystemofarbitrary_________symbolsusedforhumancommunication.A.culturalB.conventionalC.decodedD.vocal13)Awordwithseveralmeaningsiscalled_________.A.anabnormalwordB.apolysemouswordC.asynonymouswordD.noneoftheabove14)Therearedifferenttypesofaffixesormorphemes.Theaffix“ed”intheword“learned”isknownasa（n）__________.A.derivationalmorphemeB.freemorphemeC.inflectionalmorphemeD.freeform15)Thesyntacticrulesofanylanguageare________innumber.A.largeB.smallC.finiteD.infinite16)“Iboughtsomeroses”__________“Iboughtsomeflowers”.A.entailsB.presupposesC.isinconsistentwithD.issynonymouswith17）Thephrase“boysandgirls”belongstothe____________construction.A.predicateB.endocentricC.subordinateD.exocentric18)CanIborrowyourbike？___Youhaveabike.A.issynonymouswithB.isinconsistentwithC.entailsD.presupposes19）Ofallthespeechorgans，the___is/arethemostflexible.A.mouthB.lipsC.tongueD.vocalcords20）Chomskyusestheterm_______torefertotheactualrealizationofalanguageuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguageinlinguisticcommunication.A.langueB.competenceC.paroleD.performanceIV.Decidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse：（1%×15=15%）1)Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.2)Thewritingsystemofalanguageisalwaysalaterinventionusedtorecordspeech；thustherearestillmanylanguagesintoday’sworldthatcanonlybespoken，butnotwritten.3)Theopen-classwordsincludeprepositions.4)InclassifyingtheEnglishconsonantsandvowels，thesamecriteriacanbeapplied.5)Accordingtosemantictriangle，thereisnodirectlinkbetweenasymbolandreferent，i.e.betweenawordandathingitrefersto.6)Syntacticcategoriesrefertosentences（S）andclauses（C）only.7)Bysynchronywemeantostudylanguagechangeanddevelopment.8)TheICanalysisisnotabletoanalyzesplitverbslike“dosb.in”.9)Therelationshipof“flower”，“violet”，“rose”and“tulip”ishyponymy.10)Asyllablewithoutacodaisaclosedsyllable.11)Parolereferstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.12)Phonologyisabranchoflinguisticswhichstudiedthesentencespatternsofalanguage.13)Humancapacityforlanguagehasageneticbasis，i.e.weareallbornwiththeabilitytoacquirelanguageandthedetailsofalanguagesystemaregeneticallytransmitted.14)Onlywordsofthesamepartsofspeechcanbecombinedtoformcompounds.15)Sentencesarestringsofwordsputtogetherinarandomorder.V.Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword，thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly，andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.（1%×10=10%）1)Themodernlinguisticsisd____________，notprescriptive，anditsinvestigationsarebasedonauthenticandmainlyspokenlanguagedata.2)M___________isthesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguage.3)Languereferstothelanguagesystemsharedbyacommunityofspeakerwhilep________co