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1英语重难点语法第一讲句子构成成分分析句子构成构成句子的成分共分为九种：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，补语，同位语和插入语。一、主语：句子的核心主体，通常位于谓语动词之前，表明一个句子是谁或何种情况所发出执行或是承受的。常做主语的有名词、代词、主语从句、V-ing、Todo五种。1名词：Successistheresultofgoodjudgment.Lifelightsthecandleofhope.2代词：Weliveandlearn.Idoubt,thereforeIthink.Ithink,thereforeIam.3主语从句：Howapersonmastershisfateismoreimportantthanwhathisfateis.Whatisworthdoingisworthdoingwell.4V-ing:Losingcanbearealbeginning.Believinginyourselfisthesecretofsuccess.5Todo:Tolightthecandleofheartisbetterthantocursethedarknessoftheoutsidewold.Toknowiswisdomandtodoisaskill.二、谓语：描述或阐述主语的情况，由动词来充当，常位于主语之后。1表状态用系动词：Lifeisfullofupsanddowns.Lifeishopeandhopeislife.2表动作用及物或不及物动词：Manyhandsmakelightwork.2IcameIsawIconquered.3表拥有：人或物时用：havehas无生命的东西：therebeEverydoghasitsday.Inafullheart,thereisroomforeverything.4情态动词＋动词原形：Amanmaydie,nationsmayfall,butanidealiveson.三、宾语：及物动词或介词所指向的对象。常做宾语的有名词、宾语从句、复合结构、V-ing、Todo五种。1名词：Readingenrichesourmind.Hastemakeswaste.2宾语从句：Goalsdeterminewhatyouaregoingtobe.Temptationdiscoverswhatweare.3复合结构：Ifyoulackconfidenceyouwillfindithardtowin.4V-ing:Youareneveraloseruntilyouquittrying.Readingislikeopeningawindowtotheoutsideworld.5Todo:Winnersexpecttowininadvance.Oneshouldlearntoforgive.四、表语：接在系动词后，补充说明主语的情况又称为主语补足语。常做表语的有名词、形容词、V-ing、Todo、从句五种。1名词：Lifeisnotabedofroses.Todayisouronlysurepossession.2形容词：3Timeisfleetingandartislong.Changeisconstant.3V-ing:Courageisdoingwhatothersthinkyoucan’tdo.Lifeispaintingapicture,notdoingasum.4Todo:Tochangeattitudeistochangelife.Theproperfunctionofmanistolive,nottoexist.5从句：Therealmeasureofsuccessishowhappyweare.Loveiswhatlinkstwosouls.五、定语：修饰名词或类似于名词的词。一般翻译为“……..的”，表示事物性质或状态，分为前置或后置。常做定语的有形容词、名词、V-ing、Todo、从句五种。1形容词：Awarmsmileistheuniversallanguage.Eachmomentinhistoryisafleetingtime.2名词：Adversityteachesoneagreatdealaboutsurvivalskills.Lifeeducationisthebasisforsuccessintheknowledgesociety.名词做定语（名词修饰名词重要原则：第一个名词一般用单数以下为常用名词修饰名词词组）1Informationtechnology2Informationcenter3Creditcard4Generationgap5Beautycontest6Communicationskills7Informationage8Knowledgeeconomy9Peacetalks410Serviceindustry11Waterscarcity12Survivalskills13Pressconference14Safetystandard15Lifeinsurance16Weatherforecast17Receptiondesk18Coffeebreak19Bodyguard20Heartattack21Departmentstore22Stockmarket23Officebuilding24Sciencefiction3V-ing:Failureisalearningexperience.Thestartingpointofallachievementsisdesire.4Todo:Thereisnotimetolose.One’sgreatestpoweristhepowertochoose.5定语从句：Thatisagoodbookwhichisopenedwithexpectationandclosedwithprofit.Successisaprocessthatneverends.六、状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整句的词或句。按照功能分十一种：时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、条件、让步、比较、伴随、评注。常做状语的有副词、状语从句、状语从句省略结构、Todo、V-ing、V-ed六种。1副词：Stillwaterrunsdeep.5Oneshouldhaveclearlydefinedgoals.Excellencyisdoingordinarythingsextraordinarilywell.Clearly,one’sfateisinhis/herownhands.2状语从句：Whenanopportunityisneglected,itnevercomesbacktoyou.Nothingisordinaryifoneknowshowtouseit.3状语从句省略结构：Ifpossible,goafteryourdreamforever!4Todo：Toassociatewithfriends,oneshouldbehonestandopen.Toleaphigher,onecandrawback.5V-ing：Lackingaclearworldoutlook,lifebecomesakindofburden.Badbooksarepoison,doingharmtoone’sheartandsoul.6V-ed：Unitedwestand;dividedwefall.Welldone,thesmallesttaskbecomesamiracleofachievement.七、补语：主语补足语（补充说明主语的情况，又称表语）、宾语补足语（补充说明宾语的情况）常做宾语补足语的有形容词和Todo两种。1形容词：Historiesmakemenwise.Lovemakestheworldmorecolorfulforall.2Todo:Difficultiestrainonetobegreat.Motiveurgesonetomakeprogress.八、同位语：句子中的两种成份表达同一种概念，即A=B称之为同位语。常做同位语的有名词和从句两种。1名词：6Weshouldmakefulluseoftoday,thehopeoftomorrow.Nevergiveupyourdream,thesourceofhappiness.2从句：Failureisasignthatoneshouldexploreotheropportunities.Thefactthatyouhavetriedyourbestisinitselfabigvictory.九、插入语插入语是说话者对所表达意思的补充、强调、解释或者说话的态度，其位置灵活，常常用逗号或破折号与其它成分隔开，并且在语法上不影响其他成分。1Indeed的确，2Surely无疑，3However然而，4Obviously显然，5Frankly坦率地说，6Naturally自然，7Luckily(或happily)forsomebody算某人幸运，8Fortunately/Luckily幸好，9Roughly大体上来说，10Briefly简单地说,11Strangetosay说也奇怪，12Needlesstosay不用说，13Mostimportantofall最为重要是，14Worsestill更糟糕的是，15Inafewwords(或insum，inshort)简而言之，16Inotherwords换句话说，17Inasense在某种意义上，18Ingeneral一般说来，19Inmyview在我看来，20Inconclusion总之，21Insummary概括地说，722Tobetrue诚然，23Inthefirstplace首先，24Inaddition此外，25Ofcourse当然，26Tomyknowledge据我所知，27Forinstance(或example)例如，28Asamatteroffact事实上,29Strictlyspeaking严格地说，30Generallyspeaking一般地说，31Judgingfrom根据…判断,32Tobesure无疑，33Tosumup概括地说，34Totellthetruth老实说,35Iamsure我可以肯定地说，36Ibelieve我相信，37Iwonder我不知道，38Thatis也就是说，39Itseems看来是，40AsIseeit照我看来，41Whatisimportant(serious)重要(严重)的是，42Inanutshell总之，43Inthefinalanalysis归根结底，44Atanyrate不管怎么说，45Onthecontrary相反，46Inthelongrun从长远来看，47Bycontrast对比而言，48Morallyspeaking从道德的层面上来说，49Incomparison相比之下，50Intheory从理论上来说，8第二讲名词性从句讲解A主语从句：㈠主从可由以下这些引导词引导：that\whether\whoever\which\what\whatever\where\how\when\why\if⑴That引导主从，在主从中不做成份。句型一That+完整句=名词可做主语Thateveryonemayreceiveatleastamoderateeducationissignificant.Thatweshouldactintherightspiritisnecessary.⑵Whether引导主从，在主从中做状语。句型二Whether+完整句=名词可做主语Whetheryoucansucceedinmakingyourdreamcometruedependsonhardworkmorethanluck.Whetheritrainsorshinesmakesnodifferencetoproactivepeople.⑶Whoever引导主