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中学英语阅读的真知灼见（适用于初一至高三）•1阅读的三种基本文体：记叙文、说明文和议论文•2从阅读文体的偏好发现阅读的乐趣•3带着问题去阅读•4读书法，有四到，心眼口还有手，信皆要•5阅读是你的好朋友，功夫到、滞塞通，阅读理解稳拿分！第一讲学会区分不同文体请同学们阅读下面的段落，并推断它是哪种文体，读完此段都使你想到了什么？•ThepopulationoftheEarthisgrowingfaster.ItisimportantthatwelookaftertheEarth.Weneedit!(2010年北京中考阅读B篇的第一段)议论文•Whatdoyoudoifyou’restranded(处于困境的)onalonelyisland?Surelyyouneedtofindawaytogetintouchwiththeoutsideworld.Yourbestchanceofdoingthisistodrawtheattentionofapassingplane.…Bodysignals…Smokesignals…Groud-to-airsignals…（2011年北京中考阅读C篇的第一段及后面几段的小标题）说明文•Asayounggirlgrowingupinthe1930s,Ialwayswantedtoflyaplane,butbackthenitwasalmostunheardofforawomantodothat.Igotatasteofthatdreamin2001…….(2011年高考北京卷阅读A篇第一段)记叙文文体识别练习•请同学们继续阅读下面的段落，并判断它是哪种文体，读完此段都使你想到了什么？•(1)Inthewest,somepeoplebelievethatpersonalitycanbepredictedaccordingtothetimeoftheyearthepersonwasborn.FromChinacomesthebeliefthattheyearofbirthinfluencesone’spersonality.•(2)ManytextbooksarenotwritteninthekindofEnglishthatwespeakeveryday.Infact,sometimesthereadingissodifficultthatisalmostseemslikeaforeignlanguage.Inaway,itis--thelanguageofscience……Thesearethestepstofollowwhenyouarereadingsomethingdifficult:……•(3)Itwasyearbookdayandweweregivenanhourtosigneachother’syearbooksinthecafeteria.IwaspresidentoftheclassandIplayedsports.WhenIsatdownatatable,peoplestartedtocomeovertogettheiryearbookssignedandtosignmine.•(4)MyfatherdiedwhenIwasafewmonthsold.Afterhisdeath,mymothermovedbacktoLouisville,Kentucky,whereshehadgrownup.•(5)EachyearBenisgladwhenschoolisclosedonMartinLutherKingJr.Day.Benknowsthatthisdayhonorsanimportantman,butBendoesnotfeelconnectedtohim.However,thesmall-worldtheory(理论)connectsBentoDr.King.Ben’smom(0)hasaclosefriend,Amy(1).Amy’suncle,Mark(2),oncemetandspoketoJohnCarter(3),thesonofPresidentJimmyCarter(4).JimmyCarterknewDr.King(5).Inaway,Benisonly“fivepeopleaway”fromMartinLutherKingJr.•(6)ChinatownisthenamegiventoanareainthemiddleofLondon.ItisjustbetweenLeicesterSquareandShaftsburyAvenue.GerrardStreetisatthecenterandisthemostimportantstreetinthearea.ThereisalargeChinesecommunitywithalotofChineserestaurants,Chinesesupermarketsandshopsinthisstreet.第一讲总结•1平衡我们的阅读兴趣，泛舟阅读的世界•2中高考以及平时的学校考试都离不开阅读的三种基本文体•3养成边阅读边思考的习惯•4善于做阅读笔记，建立积累及错题本•5跟孟老师一起学阅读，因为热爱，所以你会学习、会考试！第二讲：说明文•1说明文的定义：主要用说明的方式来表达思想内容，它常被用来介绍科学知识或生活常识。特点是内容上重视科学性，语言形式重视条理性。•2常见的说明方法：分类说明、举例说明、描写说明、比较说明、数字说明、图像或图表说明、下定义和注释。•3说明文举例1.(选自2011年北京中考A篇)Susan,theUSMybestfriendisFanny.Sheiscleverandinteresting.Wealwayslookaftereachother.Thefirstweekwemet,Igotsickandshelookedaftermeeveryday.Betty,EnglandMybestfriendisAna.Sheishonestandserious.WewereborninthesamecityinEngland.ThenImovedtoAmericawithmyfamily.IthoughtIwouldneverseeAnaagain.WhenIwenttocollegeinNewYour,AnaandIsharedthesameroom!Ken,JapanIlovetospendtimewithDaisukebecauseheisfunnyandsmart.Weenjoytalkingaboutthefunnythingswedidwhenwewerechildren,andtellthesamestupidjokesoverandoveragain.Lily,AustraliaLindaisaveryconfidentgirlandsheisreallykind.SomepeoplemaywonderwhyLindaandIarebestfriendsbecausewearetotallydifferent,butIthinkthisiswhywearesuchgoodfriends.1.WhoisSusan’sbestfriend?A.Ana.B.Fanny.C.Linda.D.Daisuke.2.WhereisKenfrom?A.Australia.B.TheUS.C.England.D.Japan.3.WhatisLindalike?A.Confidentandkind.B.Funnyandsmart.C.Honestandserious.D.Cleverandinteresting.该篇阅读非常简单，初一的小同学也能做好！现在我们读一篇较复杂的说明文，选自2011年北京中考阅读C篇2.Whatdoyoudoifyou’restranded(处于困境的)onalonelyisland?Surelyyouneedtofindawaytogetintouchwiththeoutsideworld.Yourbestchanceofdoingthisistodrawtheattentionofapassingplane.Bodysignals(信号)Pilotsfromdifferentcountriesunderstandbodysignalsiftheyhavethecorrecttraining.Whenyouwaveyourarmsupanddowninastraightline,itmeans“yes”.Whenyoupointdownwardsandswingyourarmfromsidetoside,itmeans“no”.ifyouwantthepolitetoknowthatit’ssafetoland,pushyourhandsoutinfrontofyouandbend(弯曲)yourknees.Ifyouwanttosaythatit’snotsafetoland,putyourarmsintheairandmovethemtooneside.SmokesignalsThesmokefromafirecanbeseenfromfaraway,soit’sagoodwaytodrawattention.Iftheweatherisdry,itisn’thardtostartafire.Remember,however,thatfirescanbeverydangerousiftheygetoutofcontrol.Neverlightafireunlessyou’resurethatitcan’tspread.Ifthegroundisdark,lightsmokecanbeseenmoreeasily.Greengrassandleavesproducelightsmoke.Ground-to-airsignalsIt’sagoodideatobuildsomesignals,too.Uselargepiecesofwoodtomakethesymbols(标记).Ifyoucan’tfindanywood,useearth.Someusefulsymbolsare:F“Ineedfoodandwater.”II“Ineedmedicine.”I“Iambadlyhurt.”X“Iamunabletomovefromhere.Pilots’repliesIfthepilotlowerstheplane’swingsfromsidetoside,thismeans“messagereceivedandunderstood”.(Atnight,thepilotflashestheplane’sgreenlights.)Ifthepilotfliestheplaneinaclockwisecircle,thismeans“messagereceivedbutnotunderstood”.(Atnight,thepilotflashestheplane’sredlights.)However,thereisnosignalwhichmeans“messagenotreceived”.Whynot?1.Whichpicturemeans“it’snotsafetoland”?2.whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Swingingyourarmfromsidetosidemeans“yes”.B.Ifthegroundisdark,lightsmokecan’tbeseen.C.Ifyouneedsomemedicine,makeasymbol“II”.D.Thepilotsmakereplieswithabluelightatnight.3.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Theexplana