高考资源网(ks5u.com)您身边的高考专家版权所有@高考资源网-1-高考英语书面表达基础五大句型结构讲与练(人教版)句子是表达思想的最基本的语言单位。无论是书面表达还是口头表达,都凭借意义连贯的一系列句子以表达人们的思想。要写好一篇文章,无论是长篇大论,还是百字短文,都必须写好一个个句子。写好句子的关键就在于培养起句子筐架结构能力。而动词句型筐架意识、修饰语的定位意识以及英语主语表达方式辨别意识则是英语句子筐架结构能力的核心所在。所以有必要强化训练各个有关句式句型,为迅速提高英语书面表达能力打下扎实的基础。一、主系表结构w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m【句型】SVSC(1)主语+be+表语(名词/代词)【用法】在本句型中,名词或代词作表语,名词或代词可带附加成分。要注意主谓一致和时态问题。I’macollegestudent.Itmustbeagrammarmistake【练习】人类居住的唯一家园是地球。Theonlyhomeformantoliveonistheearth.失败为成功之母。Failureisthemotherofsuccess.所有这些词典都对我帮助很大。Allthesedictionariesareagreathelptome.门口那辆摩托车不是我的。Themotorcycleatthegateisnotmine.倘若我是你,我就采纳他的建议。IfIwereyou,Ifollowtakehisadvice.【句型】SVSC(2)主语+be+形容词+(介词短语)【用法】在本句型中,形容词作表语。用于本句型的形容词有:一般形容词,如pleasant,fine,busy,warm,absent,rich,angry,different等;多数形容词后有固定的介词搭配。表语形容词,如ready,sure,certain,sorry,present,content,fond,alive,awake,asleep,alike,alone,afraid,ashamed,aware等。跟of介词短语的形容词,如forgetful,doubtful,proud,full,free,short,careful,capable跟of介词短语,用来描述人的品行或特点的形容词,如good,clever,kind,nice,foolish,silly,cruel,impolite,careless,stupid,right,unwise,wise,rude,wrong,naughty等。berichin,bebusywith,beresponsiblefor,beangrywith,bedifferentfrom,befondof,bewelcometoMyChinesehostwasveryhospitable.高考资源网(ks5u.com)您身边的高考专家版权所有@高考资源网-2-【练习】中国自然资源丰富。Chinaisrichinnaturalresources.w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m王先生正忙于备课。Mr.Wangisbusypreparingforhislessons.他对他儿子学习上的进步感到自豪。Heisveryproudofhisson’sprogressinstudy.他们缺少时间和钱。Theyareshortoftimeandmoney.你真糊涂,竟然相信他说的话。It’sveryfoolishofyoutobelievewhathesaid.他总是乐于助人。Heisalwaysreadytohelpothers.【句型】SVSC(3)主语+be+现在分词【用法】在本句型中,现在分词作表语,大部分这类词已被看作形容词,它们用来修饰说明表示物的主语。用于本句型的现在分词有:amusing(有趣的),boring(令人厌烦的),disappointing(令人失望的),charming(迷人的),inviting(引人注目的,吸引人的),comforting(令人鼓舞的),confusing(混淆的),exciting(令人兴奋的),embarrassing(令人为难的),discouraging(令人气馁的),disturbing(烦扰的),fascinating(迷人的),interesting,surprising(惊人的),missing,promising(有前途的),puzzling(令人迷惑的),shocking(骇人听闻的),striking(引人注目的),pleasing(令人高兴的),touching(动人的),worrying(令人担心的)等。Thispoemisverymoving.Hisspeechwasveryboring.【练习】这个童话很有趣。Thisfairytaleisveryinteresting.这个小伙子真讨人喜欢。Theyoungmanisverycharming.这场追猎扣人心弦,可惜狐狸还是跑了。Thehuntwasexciting,butthefoxescaped.他的话使人相当泄气。Whathesaidwasratherdiscouraging.他发现的情况使他十分惊讶。Hewasastonishedatwhathefound.我放在桌子上的英语书不见了。MyEnglishbookonthedeskisgone.【句型】SVSC(4)主语+be+过去分词+(介词短语)【用法】在本句型中,过去分词作表语,且常常带介词短语,介词一般固定,不可随便选用。用于本句型的过去分词有:常见带介词about分词:excited,pleased,puzzled,shocked,worried.常见带介词at分词:amazed,disappointed,dissatisfied,amused,annoyed,高考资源网(ks5u.com)您身边的高考专家版权所有@高考资源网-3-astonished,delighted,excited,displeased,pleased,shocked,surprised.常见带介词against分词:arranged,prepared.常见带介词for分词:prepared,celebrated,pressed.常见带介词in分词:absorbed,dressed,celebrated,disappointed,delighted,lost,embarrassed,engaged,experienced,interested常见带介词on分词:founded,based,bent,set常见带介词to分词:devoted,lost,engaged,known,related,married.常见带介词with分词:excited,bored,delighted,disappointed,satisfied,displeased,dissatisfied,equipped,pleased等。【练习】他是中国人民非常熟悉的。He’swell-knowntotheChinesepeople..他在教学方面缺乏经验。Heispoorlyexperiencedinteaching.他们两年前在上海结婚的。TheygotmarriedinShanghaitwoyearsago.我不满意我们在那家旅馆受到的待遇。Iwasn'tsatisfiedwithourtreatmentatthathotel.我们要作好下一次考试的准备。Wemustbepreparedforthenextexam.受到你的来信,我非常高兴。I’mverypleasedtohearfromyou.【句型】SVSC(5)主语+be+形容词+不定式【用法】在本句型中,形容词作表语,表语后直接用动词不定式。不定式所表示的动作是有句中的主语所进行的。用于本句型的形容词有:able,fit,likely,afraid,foolish,lucky,slow,angry,fortunate,mad,anxious,free,nice,stupid,polite,sorry,brave,glad,sure,careful,grateful,,thankful,certain,quick,unable,clever,good,ready,crazy,unwilling,willing,wonderful,content,happy,cruel,rude,curious,sad,worthy,due,kind,selfish,wrong,eager,excited,disappointed,pleased,astonished,puzzled,bored,satisfied,frightened,shocked,surprised,delighted,worried等。I’mverygladtoknowyouTheyarealldeterminedtosettleinthecountryside.【练习】他很勇敢,闯进了那着火的房子。Hewasverybravetobreakintotheburningbuilding.他非常仔细,把每一个细节都核对过了。Hewascarefulenoughtocheckupeverydetail.战争中的勇士愿意为国捐躯。Thebravefightersatwarwerereadytodiefortheircountry.他下决心再也不见她了。Hewasdeterminednottoseeheranymore.高考资源网(ks5u.com)您身边的高考专家版权所有@高考资源网-4-全世界人民都渴望和平。Peopleallovertheworldwereanxioustohavepeace.w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m【句型】SVSC(6)主语+be+形容词短语+不定式【用法】在本句型中,在形容词后用不定式,动词不定式修饰形容词,表示程度或结果。主要有四种句型:“too+adj.todosth”结构,表示“太…以致不能…”。“adj.+enough+todosth.”结构,表示“够…以致能…”。“so+adj.+astodosth.”结构,表示“如此…以致能…”。“very/rather+adj.+todo(vt.)”结构,表示“很…做”,主语是不定式的实际宾语。He’stooyoungtogotoschool.He’soldenoughtoknowtheworld.他到了懂得人情世故的年龄了。Sheisverypleasanttotalkwith.和她谈话很愉快。【练习】这些柱子(pillars)太细,支撑不住屋顶。Thesepillarsaretoothintocarrytheroof.这篇文章他翻译起来太难了。Thearticleistoodifficultforhimtotranslate.他很富裕,买得起那辆豪华(luxury)车。Heisrichenoughtobuythatluxurycar.他不是傻子,他不会相信那种事。Hewasnotsostupidastobelievethat.他很容易相处。Heisquiteeasytogetalongwith.他气得说不出话来。Hewasangrytosayaword.【句型】SVSC(7)主语+be+形容词+that从句【用法】在本句型中形容词作表语。连词that引导的从句在下列形容词后作宾语:sure,aware,careful,certain,determined等。that引导的从句在下列形容词后作状语:sorry,happy,glad,proud,satisfied,disappointed,pleased