搜索
学校代码：10722学号：0808014123分类号:O621.4密级：公开薄荷精油的提取及其杀菌活性的研究ExtractionofEssentialoilsfromPeppermintAnditsBactericidalActivity张斌化学理学张知侠2012年5月作者姓名指导教师学科门类提交论文日期专业名称成绩评定摘要I摘要植物精油是植物体内小分子化合物形成的混合物，不同的成分组成有不同的功效。由于传统的化学农药有严重的残留问题，对人体和环境伤害较大；因此，近年来有许多人对精油的杀菌活性作了研究，用精油代替农药以减小对人体和环境的伤害。本实验采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取薄荷中的精油，再用GC-MS检测其化学组成成分，最后用速率测试法来研究薄荷精油的杀菌活性。薄荷精油中薄荷醇含量最高为44.34%，邻苯二甲酸二丁酯为7.84%，1,3-二氧六环-5-醇为7.59%，桉树醇为7.24%，5-甲基-2-异丙基环己酮为5.51%，α-萜品醇为4.92%，三甲基苯甲醇为4.47%。用薄荷精油对十二种真菌做杀菌活性实验，其对不同真菌的杀菌活性有所不同，其中在2500mg/L下对水稻纹枯，玉米大斑，黄瓜炭疽，苹果炭疽，小麦赤霉，番茄叶霉的杀菌活性都在93.02%以上。在1500mg/L对番茄早疫和在500mg/L对小麦纹枯的杀菌活性都为100%。关键词：薄荷；植物精油；水蒸气蒸馏；GC-MS；杀菌活性AbstractIIAbstractPlantessentialoilinplantsissmallmoleculesform,amixtureofdifferentcompositionshavedifferenteffect.Becausethetraditionalchemicalpesticideresidueshaveseriousproblems,thedamagetothebodyandtheenvironmentisbigger;Therefore,inrecentyears,manyoftheessentialoiltothebactericidalactivitystudy,withtheessentialoilinsteadofpesticidestominimizethedamagetothebodyandtheenvironment.Theexperimentalresultsoftheessentialoilextractionsteamdistillationmenthol,againbyGC-MStestingitschemicalcomposition,finalwithspeedratetestingmethodtostudythepeppermintoilbactericidalactivity.Menthomentholisthehighestcontentas44.34%inpeppermintoil,dibutylphthalateas7.84%,1,3-Dioxan-5-olas7.59%,1,8-Oxido-p-menthaneas7.24%,p-Menthan-3-oneas5.51%,p-menth-1-en-8-olas4.92%,p-Cymen-3-olas4.47%.Useofpeppermintoiltotwelvekindsoffungidobactericidalactivityexperiment,ittothedifferentfungibactericidalactivityisdifferent,whichin2500mg/LbactericidalactivityofpeppermintoiltoSetosphaeriaturcica,Rhizoctoniasolani,Colletotrichumlagenarium,Appleanthracnose,Fusariumgraminearum,Fulviafulvaisover93.02%.In1500mg/LbactericidalactivitytoAlternariasolaniandin500mg/LbactericidalactivitytoRhizoctoniacerealisis100%ofall.Keywords:Mint;Plantessentialoil;Steamdistillation;GC-MS;Bactericidalactivity目录III目录摘要...............................................................................................................................................I前言...............................................................................................................................................11文献综述.....................................................................................................................................21.1植物精油简介及其研究现状...............................................................................................21.2植物精油传统的提取方法...................................................................................................21.2.1压榨法(MP)...................................................................................................................21.2.2水蒸气蒸馏法(SDE)......................................................................................................31.2.3溶剂萃取法(SE).............................................................................................................31.2.4吸收法(OA)...................................................................................................................31.3国内外精油的提取新技术...................................................................................................31.3.1酶提取法(EE)................................................................................................................41.3.2CO2超临界流体萃取法(SFE).......................................................................................41.3.3超声波辅助提取法(USE)..............................................................................................41.3.4微波辅助萃取法(MAD).................................................................................................41.3.5微胶囊-双水相萃取法(MATPE)....................................................................................51.3.6微波水扩散重力法(MHG)............................................................................................51.3.7多种技术的联用.............................................................................................................51.4国内外香精油最新检测技术...............................................................................................51.4.1薄层扫描法(TLCS).......................................................................................................51.4.2气相色谱法(GC)............................................................................................................61.4.3气相色谱-红外光谱联用技术(GC／FTIR）...............................................................61.4.4气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)...................................................................................61.4.5多种分析方法联用技术................................................................................................61.5植物精油的应用...................................................................................................................71.5.1在医药方面的研究应用................................................................................................71.5.2在植物保护中的应用....................................................................................................71.5.3在日用化工方面的应用........................