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1LESSON24虚拟语气(2)导言英语中虚拟语气是通过动词时态的变化来体现。本课在讲解虚拟语气时，所用的方法与传统讲法不同。我们试图从句子时态的改变来推论出虚拟的构成。只要同学理解了这一点，就可以举一反三。掌握虚拟语气。虚拟语气是用来表示与事实相反或不大可能实现的情况。主要是通过动词的变化来体现的。▲在某些主语从句和条件状语从句中虚拟的用法在Itisimportant,impossible,strange,vital至关重要的,natural,essential必需的；基本的,desirable值得要的,preferable更好的,advisable可取的,appropriate适当的,surprising,sad,urgent,suggested,necessary,requested,ordered,+that…句型中，主语从句在英国英语中用should+原形动词。在美国英语中省略should直接用原形。在forfearthat（以防……起见）引导的条件句中用法同上。在unless,when,so(as)longas，suppose,incase,onconditionlest(以免)引导的条件状语从句中也可2用虚拟语气，用法同上。●Itisnecessarythathe（should）comeontimetoattendthemeeting.他按时来出席会议是必要的。●Itisnaturalthathe（should）loveMerry.他爱玛丽是很自然的事。●Hetookanumbrellaforfearthatit(should)rain.他带了一把伞，以防天下雨。●Aslongasmywife(should)getready,wewillgo.只要我太太准备好了，我们就去。▲在suggest,propose,demand,inquire,request,desire想望,期望,insist,order,advise,agree等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后的宾语从句中。英国英语用should+原形动词，美国英语省略“should”用原形动词●Heinsistedthatwe（should）getthereontime.他坚持我们要按时到那。●Thedeanproposedthatthequestion（should）notbediscussedatonce.系主任提议这个问题不要马上讨论。▲在think,expect,believe,是否定形式时，宾语从句可用虚拟语气：should+动词原形，should不可省。●ShesaidsheneverexpectedIshouldlendmoneytoher.3▲suggestion,proposal,request,advice,order,command等表示建议、命令、要求等的名词后面的表语从句中，用should+动词原形，表示虚拟，should常常省略。Thegeneral’scommandwasthatthesoldiers(should)leavetheirfortandcarryoutmoreimportanttasks.▲were(was)to有时在虚拟条件句中用were(was)表示试探的口气。●Ifyouwere(was)todosomethinglikethatIwouldnotmarryyou.如果你要做那种事，我就不会嫁给你了。▲wouldhavedone,shouldhavedone上面两种用法也经常表示虚拟，意思是本应该做而没有做的事情。would表示从客观上讲，而should表示从主观上讲。●Youwouldhavetakentaxitocomehere.你本应该坐出租汽车来这儿。●IfIhadknownshewasrich,Ishouldhavemarriedher.如果我知道她是个富翁，我本该娶她。▲We____lastnight,butwewenttotheconcertinstead.A.musthavestudiedB.mightstudyC.shouldhavestudiedD.wouldstudyshould(would)havedone表示过去本该做，而没有做的事情。一、阅读理解。(1)4IfIwere21andwantedtostudymedicine医学,Idon’tthinkIwouldpackoff打好旅行toschool.①Iwouldgetajobasanorderly（卫生员，护工）inahospital,carryingoutbedpans便盆,ifnecessary,andlookandlisten.Afterayearortwoofthat,ImightknowwhatkindofmedicineIwantedtostudy.MaybeIwouldfindthatIpreferredtobecomeanexpertinhormones荷尔蒙,ratherthanasurgeon外科医生.Imightevenendupasachemist药剂师oramakerofsurgical外科的equipment器材.Iwouldseewherethejobledme.IfIwere21andnotscientificallyinclined（爱好科学）,Iwouldnotdisdainajobsellingplasticdishes,forinstance,fromhousetohouse.Suchasalesmanwouldlearnsomuchaboutpeople,morethanIwouldhaveanopportunitytoinalaboratory.Heshouldmakemoneyandhavefun.Hemightlearnsomenewthingsaboutwhatpeoplewanttobuythatwouldhelptheresearcher,thedesignerorthemanufacturer.Itisnotthejobyoutakethatmatterssomuch,aswhatyoudowithit②.Iheardtheotherdayofayoungdemobilizedserviceman（复员军人）whowasembitteredbecausehisformeremployergavehimhisoldjobback—sealingenvelopes.Yetsealingenvelopesisnotabadjob.Somebrightyoungmanmightderiveaninventionfromit.Areenvelopesmadethewaytheyshouldbeordoesanenvelopelookthewayitdoesbecausewe’reusedtothewayitlooks?Idon’tknow.Whatabouttheglue,ourmethodsofstampingandaddressing?WhatIamgettingat,③isthatsomepeoplearetemptedtoshoottoohigh④.Onewaytofindoutwhatyouwanttodo5inlifeistotryallkindsofjobs.Ifyoudon’tlikeworkinginafillingstation,tryastore,anoffice,ashop,afarm.Notonlywillyoufindoutwhatyouwanttodo,butyouwillalsopickup,asyougoalong,anamazingamountofusefulinformation.Iknowayoungmanwhoisuncertainwhethertobeaboat-builderoranaccountant.Isuggested,whenheaskedmyadvice,thathesitdownatatypewriterandwritetwoessays—oneontheadvantagesofbeingaboatbuilder,theotherontheadvantagesofanaccountant.Thenheshouldwritetwomoreonthedisadvantagesofeachone,andstudywhathehaswritten.Oneneverknowswhatisinhisminduntilhegetsbusyandletsitout.Alotofpeopleseemtothinkthatamanlearnsonlyinhisteens.Boysgetthisimpressionfromtheireldersand,onemergingfromthearmedservicesattheageof22or23,imaginethemselvestoooldtotakeupsuchanoblescienceas,forexample,medicine.Iwasinmyearly70’swhenIstudiedmedicine,notforadegreebuttoenablemebettertoexperimentwitha“fevermedicine”（发热药）whichweinventedinourlaboratories.Itisusedtocureoralleviatecertaintypesofdiseasewithheattherapy（热疗）.TwoyearsagoItookuphydrogen-electricwelding（氢气电焊法）,andbecameaprettygoodwelder.Iwastryingtofindameansofeliminatingthesputter.Irelatethisinnospiritofboastfulness.Ijustwantyoungsterstoknowthattheyarenevertoooldtolearn.Evenatourbest,weusejustatinybitofourbrains⑤.6Wearemakingmoreandmorenewthings.Themorewemake,themoremenwillworkandthemorepeoplewillbuy.Employmentwillsnowball.Therearemoreopportunitiestodayinthislandthantherehaveeverbeen.TheyareincreasinginnumberandIthinktheyareinfinite.TheolderIget,themoreIrealizethatthehighestgoodisthegoodofthepeople.IfIweretochooseanoccupationagain,Ishouldconsiderthreethings:howwellitservedthepublic;howmuchfuntherewasinit;and,ofcourse,whetherit’sfinancialrewardwouldmeetmyneed.①packofftoschool打铺盖卷去上学②该句是强调句型，原句应是Thejobyoutakemattersnotsomuch,aswhatyoudowithit.句子not…somuch…that…是习惯用法，意思是“与其说…不如说…”因强调not，用了Itisnot…that…的句型。③getat要说的问题是…④shoottoohigh意思是目标定的太高。⑤即使我们绞尽脑汁时，我们不过用了脑子的一小部分。1．如果你有一百万美圆，你会做些什么？Whatwouldyoudoifyouhadonemilliondollar?2．如果夏天下雪就好了。Ifonly