1简单句的五种基本句型句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下:S十V主谓结构S十V十P主系表结构S十V十O主谓宾结构S十V十O1十O2主谓双宾结构S十V十O十C主谓宾补结构说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语基本句型一:S十V主谓结构这种句型中的动词大多是(),其特征有两点,第一点()第二点()这些动词常见的有:appear,apologize,arrive,come,die,disappear,exist,fall,happen,rise,improve,agree等等。Thesunrises.主语可有修饰语---定语,如,Theredsunrises.谓语可有修饰语---状语,如,Theredsunrisesintheeast.1).他消失在黑暗中。_____________________________________2).在过去的十年里,我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。_____________________________________3).事故是昨天晚上发生的。_____________________________________4)太阳东升西落_____________________________________5)我同意你的观点基本句型二:S十V十P主系表结构主要用以说明主语的特征,类属,状态,身份等。即放在系动词后面的名词,形容词,非谓语动词称作()。系动词特征为(除feel外)这种句型中的系动词一般可分为下列两类:A.表示状态的连系动词。这些词有:be,look,seem,appear,()smell,taste,sound,feel(),表示状态延续的remain,stay,keep,continue,stand.Weshould____________________我们应该保持沉默。2HisjobistoteachEnglish.(不定式)Hishobbyisplayingfootball.他的脸变得苍白_____________________________________Thefact│is│thattheyareshortofmoneyB.表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有:become,get,grow,turn(天气,颜色),go(由好变坏),prove,等等。如:_______________________________.冬天到了,天气变得越来越冷。_______________________________.牛奶已经已经变质了。Thefact_____________________.这个事实证明是正确的。树叶已经变黄了。______________________________________________________________.我们的梦想总有一天会实现的。基本句型三:S十V十O主谓宾结构宾语须是名词或相当于名词的成分这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的(固定动词短语)。作宾语的成分常是:名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。如:我昨天看了一部电影。________________________________________________.我们应该照顾好自己________________________________________。我和我的同学们相处很融洽_____________________________________。Idon’tlikebeingtreatedlikethis.________________________________。He│admits│thathewasmistaken.Hepretendednottoseeme.(不定式短语)Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice3注意:肯定句中,动词have,make,let(动词)等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时,不带to。如:Thebossmadehimdotheworkallday.______________________________________。基本句型四:S十V十O1十O2主谓双宾结构,O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”,直接宾语常常指“物”。即(间人直物)如:18)Yesterdayherfather________________________________________asabirthdaypresent.昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。19)TheoldmanistellingthechildrenstoriesintheLongMarch.__________________________________________________。这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型:用to侧重指动作的方向,表示朝着,向着,对着某人。用for侧重指动作的受益者,表示为了某人,替某人。A.动词+直接宾语+forsb.;buy,choose,cook,draw,find,fetch,make,order,paint,save,spare,B.动词+直接宾语+tosb.。Bring,give,hand,pass,post,promise,return,show,teach,offer,tell,lendPleaseshowmeyourpicture.==Please_____________________________________.I'llofferyouagoodchanceaslongasyoudontloseheart.==I'lloffer________________________________aslongasyoudon'tloseheart.用it做形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面,是英语常用句型。即主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如,Ifounditverypleasanttobewithyourfamily.基本句型五:S十V十O十C主谓宾补结构这种句型中的宾语+补语可统称为“复合宾语”,作补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如:_______________________________.你应该让孩子们安静下来。他把墙漆成白色。________________________________________________________.我们发现他是一个诚实的人。______________________________________________.4不要让他等太久______________________________________________.我们选JIM当班长______________________________________________.我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。______________________________________________.我看见他们正在上那辆公共汽车。______________________________________________.therebe句型是一种特殊的句子,真正的主语在后面,含义为“某处有……”,而have是“某人拥有”①谓语动词和主语保持一致:There()atelevisioninthesittingroom.②有两个或更多的主语时,动词一般和最近的一个保持一致:There()twogirlsandaboydancinginthehall.③主语的后面有时有修饰语:Therearealotofoldwomen()inthesquare(跳舞)ThereisawalletlyingonthegroundThereweremanythingstobedone(此处也可以使用todo).④谓语动词be可以有时态的变化:将来时thereisgoingtobe\therewillbe、现在完成时therehave\has+been、过去时thereusedtobe,therewas/were结构There()aconcertintheparktonight.Therewaslittlechangeinhim.Therehasbeenabigtreeonthetopofthehill⑤谓语也可以有不定式构成的复合谓语。Thereusedtobeacinemahere.Thereseemstobesomethingthematterwithher.ThereisgoingtobeapartytonightTherehappenstobenobodyintheroom⑥therebe句式变疑问句,把be提前;变反意疑问句也要借助there。Isthereanyhopeofgettingthejob?Thereisnothingwrongwithyourwatch,isthere?⑦therebe句型中也可以使用诸如:live,follow,come,stand,sit,exist等不及物动词:Onceuponatime,therelivedafishermanontheisland.Therecameaknockatthedoor.Atthetopofthehilltherestandsanoldtemple.拓展:1.Thereis(was)+no+动词ing结构相当于Itis(was)impossibleto+动词原形,如5Thereisnodenyingthatthecomputerplaysanmoreandmoreimportantpartinourlife.2.therebe结构作宾语时,通常用theretobe,常作这样一些词的宾语:expect,like,mean,intend,want,prefer,hate等。Iexpecttheretobenoargumentaboutthis.Ishouldprefertheretobenodiscussionofmyprivateaffairs.Peopledon’twanttheretobeanotherwar.3.另外,作介词宾语时,如果是介词for,只能用“theretobe”其它介词用“therebeing”Theteacherwaswaitingfortheretobecompletesilence.Ineverdreamedoftherebeinganygoodchanceforme.4.作状语的therebe形式,通常用“therebeing”结构。Therebeingnothingelsetodo,wewenthome.Theyclosedthedoor,therebeingnocustomers.挑出下列句中的宾语①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.④Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.⑦Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.⑧Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.⑨Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.⑩Theydidn'tknowwhoFatherChristmasreallyis.(四)挑出下列句中的表语①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?③Theleaveshavet