红外衰减全反射测定气溶胶中的含量

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沈阳化工大学科亚学院本科毕业论文题目:红外衰减全反射定量分析气溶胶中硝酸根含量专业:应用化学班级:应化1201班学生姓名:李国权指导教师:何鑫论文提交日期:年月日论文答辩日期:年月日毕业设计(论文)任务书应用化学专业1201班学生:李国权毕业设计(论文)题目:红外衰减全反射定量分析气溶胶中硝酸根的含量毕业设计(论文)内容:毕业设计(论文)专题部分:起止时间:指导教师:签字年月日摘要本文在定量分析气溶胶样品中硝酸根的含量时应用了红外衰减全反射定量分析技术,并取得了较好的结果。硝酸盐作为大气颗粒物可溶性组成的重要部分,对环境气候和人体健康有着重要的影响,因此实现对其快速定量检测具有重要的科研意义。利用红外衰减全反射傅里叶变换光谱对硝酸盐单组份气溶胶溶液进行定量分析,本文首先介绍了红外衰减全反射的概念、特点和原理,也介绍了红外衰减全反射技术的发展历程和应用,论述了研究水溶液中硫酸根含量的意义,也对其它测定水溶液中硫酸根含量的方法进行了说明。本文在实验部分,分别首先对背景的选择进行了论证,也讨论了光谱条件的设置和硝酸钾作为标准物的原因,并且讨论了硫酸根、钙离子、铵根离子、氯离子对硝酸根红外特征吸收峰的影响。本文选定水作为背景,峰面积作为吸光度的评估方法,选择在1350cm-1处硝酸根的红外吸收峰作为定量分析峰,硝酸钾作为标准物。最终,根据实验测得的数据,选择波数范围是1200~1800cm-1时,分别对不同硝酸根浓度范围,5~100mg/ml,5~30mg/ml,10~50mg/ml,50~100mg/ml绘制不同硝酸根浓度范围的标准线性曲线。其中,硝酸根的含量分别在5~30mg/ml的硝酸钾溶液的线性标准曲线,在所选择的波数范围内,浓度(mg/ml)与吸光度之间线性方程为y=0.05752x-0.27107,其相关系数的平方R2=0.99728。硝酸根的含量分别在10~50mg/ml的硝酸钾溶液的线性标准曲线,在所选择的波数范围内,浓度(mg/ml)与吸光度之间线性方程为y=0.09283x-0.88459,其相关系数的平方R2=0.99494。硝酸根的含量分别在50~100mg/ml的硝酸钾溶液的线性标准曲线,在所选择的波数范围内,浓度(mg/ml)与吸光度之间线性方程为y=0.07353x+0.34571R2=0.98427,其相关系数的平方R2=0.98427。硝酸根的检出限为1.27808,用该方法测定6个气溶胶样品,将得到的结果与紫外分光光度法得到的结果比较,结果表明,两种方法得到的结果接近。衰减全反射技术的应用拓展了傅里叶变换光谱仪器大型设备的使用功能,满足了重大科研项目的需要,极大地缩短了测定时间,简化了操作步骤,提高了测定的准确性。因此,本文应用衰减全反射技术定量分析水溶液中硝酸根的含量,所用的主要设备为傅里叶变换红外光谱仪,选用的型号:FTIR-650。用红外衰减全反射定量分析法测定气溶胶样品时,需要用提取液萃取样品中的硝酸根,标准方法和经典方法与之相比,其优点在于操作简单,分析速度快,无损坏检测,但该方法重现性不如国家标准法和离子色谱分析法。关键词:红外衰减全反射;硝酸盐;定量分析;气溶胶AbstractInthispaper,thequantitativeanalysisofthecontentofnitrateintheaerosolsampleshasbeenappliedtothequantitativeanalysisofinfraredattenuatedtotalreflectance,andhasachievedgoodresults.Nitrateasatmosphericparticulatesolubleformanimportantpartof,onclimateandenvironmentandhumanhealthhasimportantinfluence,thereforehasimportantscientificsignificancefortherapidandquantitativedetection.UsinginfraredattenuatedtotalreflectanceFouriertransformspectraofnitratesinglecomponentgassolsolutionforquantitativeanalysis.Inthispaper,wefirstintroducetheinfraredattenuatedtotalreflectionoftheconcept,characteristicsandprinciple.Italsointroducestheinfraredattenuatedtotalreflectiontechnologydevelopmentandapplication,discussesthesignificanceofsulfateradicalcontentinaqueoussolution,butalsotoothermethodforthedeterminationofsulfateradicalcontentinaqueoussolutionaredescribed.Theinpartoftheexperimentwerefirstchoiceofbackgroundweredemonstratedalsodiscussthespectralconditionsofsettingandpotassiumnitrateasthestandard,anddiscussesthesulfate,calciumions,ammoniumions,theinfluenceofchlorideionsonnitrateinfraredcharacteristicabsorptionpeak.Theanthologyofwaterasabackground,peakareaastheabsorbanceofassessmentmethods,infraredabsorptionpeaksinthe1350cm-1atnitrateasaquantitativeanalysisofpeak,potassiumnitrateasreferencestandards.Eventually,accordingtothemeasureddata,selectwavenumberrangeis1200~1800cm-1,respectivelyfordifferentnitrateconcentrationrange,5~100mG/ml,was5~30mg/ml.,10~50mg/ml,50~100mg/mldrawingdifferentnitrateconcentrationintherangeofthestandardcurveislinear.The,thenitratecontentrespectivelyinpotassiumnitratesolutionwas5~30mg/ml.thelinearstandardcurve,withintheselectedrangeofwavenumbers,concentration(mg/ml)betweentheabsorbanceandlinearequationy=0.05752x-0.27107.ThecorrelationcoefficientofthesquareR2=0.99728.nitratecontentrespectivelyin10~50mg/mlofpotassiumnitratesolutionoflinearstandardcurveintheselectedChoiceofwavenumberrange,concentration(mg/ml)betweentheabsorbanceandlinearequationy=0.09283x-0.88459.ThecorrelationcoefficientofthesquareR2=0.99494.nitratecontentwereinthelinearstandardcurveofpotassiumnitratesolution50~100mg/ml,withintheselectedrangeofwavenumbers,concentration(mg/ml)betweentheabsorbanceandlinearequationy=0.07353x+0.34571R2=0.98427.ThecorrelationcoefficientofthesquareR2=0.98427.nitratedetectionlimitof1.27808,themethodwasusedtomeasure6aerosolsamples.TheresultsobtainedwerecomparedwiththeresultsobtainedbyUVspectrophotometry.Theresultsshowedthattheresultsobtainedbythetwomethodswereclose.AttenuationtotalreflectiontechnologyapplicationextendsthefunctionofFouriertransformspectrometeroflargeequipment,tomeettheneedsofmajorscientificresearchprojects,greatlyreducingthemeasurementtime,simplifyingtheoperationsteps,toimprovetheaccuracyofthedetermination.Therefore,inthispaper,theapplicationofattenuationtotalreflectiontechniqueforquantitativeanalysisofthecontentofnitrateinaqueoussolution,mainequipmentsusedforFouriertransforminfraredspectrometer,selectionofmodels:FTIR-650.infraredattenuationtotalreflectionquantitativeanalysismethodforthedeterminationofaerosolsamplesandneedtonitrateextractsamplesweretakenandcomparedwiththestandardmethodandtheclassicalmethod,itsadvantagesissimple.Analysisoffast,nodamagedetection,butthereproducibilityofthemethodisnotasgoodasthenationalstandardmethodandionchromatographyanalysis.Keywords:infraredattenuatedtotalreflection;nitrate;quantitativeanalysis;aerosol目录第一章绪论.......................................................................................................................11.1引言............................................................................................................................11.2测定气溶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