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RevisionofEnglishgrammar2017Nouns,ArticlesandAgreementbetweensubjectandverb(名词、冠词和主谓一致)1、不可数名词；2、可数名词的单复数；3、名词所有格；考什么？名词专有名词名词普通名词个体名词集体名词物质名词抽象名词可数名词不可数名词1.既可作[c]又可作[u]2.物质名词的量化3.抽象名词的具体化4.常见的不可数名词一、不可数名词—Wouldyoulikesomemore________(orange),sir?—No,thanks.Ihavehadmuch.orange1).aroommakeroomfor2).achickenhavesomechicken3).anunforgettableexperienceateacherfullofexperiencemuch1.有些名词既可数又不可数，但意义不同Givemetwocoffees.2.物质名词的量化煮咖啡给我两杯咖啡。makecoffeeAlso,whenImissmyfamily,it’s_____greatcomforttohaveasubstitutefamilytobewith.3.抽象名词具体化Tomisasuccessatmaths,butafailureinEnglish.Itisapleasuretomeetyou.Whatashametheycouldn’tcome.Yourletterwasacompletesurprise.Itisanhonortobeinvitedheretoday.Shewasabeautyinherday.acomfortinpoorhealthItishardwork.Weloadedourbaggageintothecar.Thereisgoodnewsforyou.Whatbeautifulfurnitureitis!Itisgreatfuntoplaygameswithyou.Thefirmsupplieskitchenequipment.Histaskwastocollectinformation.Canyougivemesomeadvice?I’mgladyouhavemadesuchagreatprogressthatyoucanwriteyoure-mailingoodChinese.(改错)4.常见的不可数名词progress二、可数名词单复数1.名词变复数的几种规则2.单复数同形的名词3.名词修饰名词的规则4.常用名词复数形式的固定结构1).ch读成[k]stomach—stomach__2).以“o”结尾的名词3).以f或fe结尾的名词roof—_____chief—_____belief—_____proof—_____hero__tomato__potato__4).不规则变化foot—_____tooth—_____goose—_____ox—_____child—______mouse—______1.名词变复数引人关注的几种规则:注意:handkerchiefesesesroofschiefsbeliefsproofsfeetteethgeeseoxenchildrenmicesEverypossiblemeans_____________(use)topreventtheairpollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear.hasbeenused注意:news;politics,physics,mathematics;plasticsetc.2.单复同形的名词meanssheepdeerChineseJapaneseaircraftspeciesseriesworks(工厂)注意:有些名词需要用其复数形式作定语The_____________(自行车商店)isjustaroundthecornerandyouwon’tmissit.bicycleshopaclothesshopasalesmanagerthreewomenteachers电话号码鞋店街灯安全带atelephonenumberashoeshopstreetlightsseatbelts3.名词作定语asfollowsmakefriendswithmakepreparationsfortomakematters/thingsworsePleasegive/sendmybestwishes/regards/greetingstoyourparents.Itisgood/badmannerstodosth.Iwouldliketoexpressmythanksforyourhelp.directions(instructions)Pleasegivemy_______________(祝贺)whenyouseeher.congratulations4.一些固定结构中须用名词复数三、名词的所有格1.Thevillageisfarawayfromhereindeed.It’s_______________(四个小时的)walk.2.The_______(girl)shoeswerecoveredwithmud,soIaskedthemtotakethemoffbeforetheygotinto______(Tom)car.afourhours’Tom’sgirls’三、名词的所有格1.theworkers’clubTeachers’Day3.atMr.Green’satthetailor’satthebarber’satthedoctor’sattheteacher’s2.Women’sDayChildren’sDay译一译：atenminutes’driveafourdays’holidaytwoweeks’timetoday’snewspaperChina’sindustrytheteachers’readingroom开车十分钟的路程四天的假期两周的时间今天的报纸中国的工业教师阅览室练一练：1.大纲词汇2.适当扩充3.词典释义Dropbydroptheoceanisfilled;stonebystonethewallisbuilt.学法指导涓滴之水汇成海;一石一石筑成墙。冠词1、定冠词的用法2、不定冠词的用法3、零冠词的用法4、固定搭配5、短语中有无冠词在意义上的区别考什么？一、定冠词Howtouse“the”ingeneral?基本用法：特指上文提到过，再次提起上文未提到，谈话双方都知道有些被短语或从句修饰的特定人或物练一练：(改错)1.Asyouknow,I’mstillburiedinbooksatschoolyouaresofamiliarwith.∧the2.Butafterthetest,bothofuswerecalledtotheteacher’soffice.Theteacherwasangrybecausewehadsameanswersinthetext.∧the1)乐器的名词前playtheviolin/piano/guitar2)在姓氏复数形式前,表示全家人或夫妻俩TheTurnersarewatchingTV.必须使用定冠词的几种情况：3)表世纪或年代inthe19thcentury，inthe1890’s汉语拼音的乐器名词前不用冠词但表示某人多大年龄时用inone'sfifties4)用于发明物的单数名词前Bellissaidtohaveinventedthetelephone.6)“越…越…”结构中Themoreyoulearn,themoreyouknow.7)与表示计算单位的名词连用含“每”的意思Theyarepaidbythehour/day/month/year.(bytime,byweight,bysize)5)表示两者中“较、更、最”的一个Whoistheelderofthetwins？Applesaresoldbyweightandeggsbythedozen.8)用在可数名词单数前表示一类人或事物。Theroseismyfavoriteflower.9)指世界上独一无二的事物。但是当这些名词前有修饰成分时，可以用不定冠词。Theearthgoesaroundthesun.abluesky,anewmoon背一背：固定搭配定冠词atthemomentonthespotbythewayontheincreaseinthewayontheradiobytheendoftaketheplaceofforthetimebeingintheformofinthehopeofontheotherhandonthecontraryonthewhole二、不定冠词基本用法：1）泛指2）表数量“一”，与one接近AMr.Wangcametoseeyouthismorning.3）用来表示不确定的某一个，相当于“acertain,some”4）用在单数名词前表示一类人或事物Abirdhaswings.不定冠词的选择：aoran?universityEuropeancountryone-eyeddogusefuldictionaryaaaaherohourhonestboyhonouraanananThereis___‘m’intheword‘name’.Tomneeds___X-rayexaminationofthelung.anan练一练：(改错)1.Inafact,heevenscaredmyclassmatesawaywhentheycameovertoplayordohomeworkwithme.2.Finally,therewasasuddenpullatthepoleandfishwascaught.∧aso/as/too/how+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数It’stoodifficultabookforustoread.Sheisascleveragirlasyoucanwishtomeet.Theteacherset____problemthatnoonecouldsolveit.A.soadifficultB.sodifficultaC.suchdifficultaD.suchdifficultB不定冠词的位置Itisgenerallybelievedthatteachingis___itisascience.A.anartmuchB.muchanartasC.asanartmuchD.asmuchanartasD1)用于两件通常在一起的物品或同一人前aknifeandforkasingeranddanceranironandsteelworks2)抽象名词的具体化等receiveagoodeducationhaveasideeffectonaknowledgeofEnglishhaveaquickbreakfast不定冠词的特殊用法：shame,surprise,pleasure,honor,help,beauty,success,failureWouldyoulikeasecondcupoftea?Hehastried3times,andheaskedtohaveafourthtry.4)用于序数词前，表示”又一”、“再一”5)用在物质名词前，表示“一阵，一份，一场，一种”等Theywerecaughtinaheavyrain.acoldwindThecartravelsat100kilometersanhour.3)表示“每一”等频率6)“a+most+形容词”表示“很...”7)用于专有名词中的地名前，表示“一个...的地方”SheisnowadifferentChinafromwhatshewastwentyyearsago.Thevisitorsherearegreatlyimpressedbythefactthatpeoplefromallwalksa