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专题四阅读表达题型分析策略指导内容索引随堂限时练真题诊断题型分析阅读表达的题材和体裁与传统的阅读短文没有太大的区别，长度也大致相同或者比传统的阅读短文略短，文章的结构层次性更强。问题类型多样。总的来讲，大约有6种问题类型，即5＋X：1.主旨概括题：它要求概括出文章的某一段、或整篇文章的大意、标题或作者的写作意图等。出题方式主要有：(1)Whatisthemainideaofthearticle/Paragraph1?(2)Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?(3)Whatisthepurposeofwritingthetext/passage?(4)Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout/discuss?(5)Forwhatpurposedoestheauthormention...inParagraph1?2.同义句替换题：它要求根据所给出的英文句子，寻找短文中意思相同的句子。出题方式主要有：(1)Whichsentenceinthepassagecanbereplacedbythefollowingone?(2)Whichsentenceinthetextistheclosestinmeaningtothefollowingone?(3)Pleasefindoutthesentencewhichcanbereplacedbythefollowingone.3.完成句子题：它要求利用上下文，将短文中的空白处用合适的词、短语或句子补充完整，使短文通畅。出题方式主要有：(1)Pleasefillintheblankinthepassagewithproperwords.(2)FillintheblankinParagraph3withproperwords.4.句子翻译题：它要求将短文中划线的句子翻译成通顺的汉语。出题方式主要有：Translatetheunderlinedsentenceinthe...paragraph/passageintoChinese.5.封闭型问题：结合文中具体依据进行回答。出题方式主要有：(1)Whatadviceisgiveninthethirdparagraph?(nomorethan10words)(2)AccordingtoParagraph2，howdoestheauthorsettletheproblem?(nomorethan20words)(3)Whatarethereasonsfortheproblemaccordingtothepassage?(nomorethan10words)6.开放型问题：结合个人观点态度进行表述。出题方式主要有：(1)Whatwouldyoudoifyouwere...?(2)Howwouldyousolvetheproblemifyouwere...?(3)Whatothersuggestionswouldyougivetosolvetheproblemmentioned?策略指导1.主旨概括题这类问题要求我们理解全文后对文章标题或大意进行概括。我们要做到：(1)在概括标题时，要做到精辟、简洁，注意书写格式和词数限制。标题可以概括成短语，有时也可是一个短句。书写时有三种形式：①标题的开头字母大写，其他所有字母都小写；②标题第一个单词和实词的首字母要大写；③全部字母都大写。可任选其一。(2)在概括文章大意时，我们要从整体上把握作者的观点、态度，捕捉与题目相关的信息。抓住文章的首尾段和各段的首尾句是做好该题的关键。2.同义句替换题做此类题目时一定要分析所给句子的结构、含义、实际用意，在文章中找句子时一定要通读上下文，切不可断章取义。找到的同义句必须准确、全面，不能增加或减少内容。在抄写过程中一定不能出现漏掉单词、字母、标点符号等现象。3.完成句子题语境和上下文之间的逻辑关系是回答该类问题的关键。语句间的逻辑性是我们解决这类问题的着眼点，要找出语句间的一些递进、并列、对比、转折、因果等的关系，在理解全文的基础上把握上下文之间的逻辑关系，要充分考虑整句话的语言环境，特别注意上下、前后句子的弦外之意，确定需要填写的是短语还是完整句子，并注意书写时的问题，如大小写等。该类问题的词数要求会比较少，所以语言一定要简练；做完题目后一定要用“代入法”进行验证，看是否符合文章逻辑和作者的意图。4.句子翻译题做此类题目要分析句子结构，遵循忠实通顺的原则，表达完整；注意英汉语序的差异，译文要符合汉语表达习惯；关键词务必要翻译出来，语言要简练。5.封闭型问题面对该类问题，我们可以结合文中的具体依据进行回答，答案是固定的、唯一的。6.开放型问题面对该类问题，我们可以依据自己的看法结合对原文的理解作出回答，注意扬长避短，避难就易。真题诊断1(2018·天津)Somepeoplelivetoclimbthehighestmountains.Somepeopleliveonlydreamingaboutitwhileotherslivetoavoideverclimbingatall.Butonethingiscertain，allpeopleencountermountainsintheirlife.WhenIwasalittlegirl，myfamilymovedtoatinytownatthebottomofabigmountain.Onedayafterschool，whileexploringthegreenwoodsofthismagnificentmountain，Ialmostfellonasetofstairs.Whatcouldthesestepsleadto？CuriositygotthebestofmeasIknewitwouldbestartingtogetdarksoon.Istartedclimbingupthosestrangelymysterioussteps.Iclimbedandclimbed.Therewasnothingbutjustgreenbushesandthesesteps.Ihadtoreachthetop!Butitwasnowgettingrealdark.IfIkeptgoingImightnotbeabletoseemywayback.MymumwouldbeworriedsickifIdidn’tcomehomesoon.SoIranbackhomealmostinthedarkwhiletryingnottogettooscared.AnxiouslyIwenttobeddreamingaboutwhatIwouldfindatthetopofthismagicalmountain.Couldtherebeacastleupthere？MaybeIwouldfindamonster(怪物).MaybeIwastakingtheriskofnevercomingbackhome.Or，maybeallIwouldfindwasabsolutelynothing!Butsomethinginsidemewasgoingtoclimbthatmountainatallcost.Icouldhardlywaittotrythisadventureagain.Nowweliveinaworldsurroundedbythe“can’tdo”attitudes.Weallfalldown.Weallhavedoubtsandregrets.Stillwemustclimbanddreamaboutwhat’satthetopofourmountain.Monstersmayappearorthenightwillfall.Butneverevergiveuponyourdream!Neverletanyonetellyou，“Youcan’t.”Dreambigandclimbhigh!56.Whatmadetheauthorstarttoclimbupthestairstothemountaintop？(nomorethan5words)_________________________________________答案5657585960Curiositymadeherdoso./Thedesiretoexplore.57.Whydidtheauthorhurrybackhomewithoutreachingthetopofthemountain？Givetworeasons.(nomorethan15words)_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案Becauseitwasgettingdark，andshedidn’twanthermothertoworryabouther./Becauseshewasscared，andmightnotbeabletofindher/thewaybackhome.565758596058.HowwouldyoudescribetheauthorintermsofpersonalitiesaccordingtoParagraph4？(nomorethan10words)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案Shehadrichimaginationandshewasbrave./Shewasabraveanddeterminedgirlwithrichimagination./Shewasimaginativeanddetermined，andshedaredtoexplore./Shewasimaginative，adventurousanddetermined.565758596059.Howdoyouunderstandtheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraph？(nomorethan5words)_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案Weallsometimesfail./Wefacefailure/defeat/hardships/challengesinlife./Therearedifficulties/barriers/obstaclesinlife./Werunintotroublesometimes./Wehavetroubleinlife.565758596060.What’syourattitudetowardsthe“mountain”inyourlife？Pleaseexplain.(nomorethan20words)_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________