搜索
TheangryyoungmenwereagroupofmostlyworkingandmiddleclassBritishplaywrightsandnovelistswhobecameprominentinthe1950s.Thegroup'sleadingmembersincludedJohnOsborneandKingsleyAmis.Theyshowedanequallyuninhibiteddisdainforthedrabnessofthepostwarwelfarestate,andtheirwritingsfrequentlyexpressedrawangerandfrustrationasthepostwarreformsfailedtomeetexaltedaspirationsforgenuinechange.tragedy,aseriousplay(or,byextension,anovel)representingthedisastrousdownfallofacentralcharacter,theprotagonist.Themostpainfullytragicplays,displayadisproportioninscalebetweentheprotagonist'sinitialerrorandtheoverwhelmingdestructionwithwhichitispunished.Thetragiceffectusuallydependsonourawarenessofadmirablequalities—manifestorpotential—intheprotagonist,whicharewastedterriblyinthefateddisaster.Sometragicnovels,likeThomasHardy'sTheMayorofCasterbridgeandMalcolmLowry'sUndertheVolcano1.Tragi-comedyisaliterarygenrethatblendsaspectsofbothtragicandcomicforms.Mostoftenseenindramaticliterature,thetermcanvariouslydescribeeitheratragicplaywhichcontainsenoughcomicelementstolightentheoverallmoodor,often,aseriousplaywithahappyendingStreamofconsciousnessisanarrativedeviceusedinliteraturetodepictthemultitudinousthoughtsandfeelingswhichpassthroughthemind.Anotherphraseforitis'interiormonologue'.[1]ThetermStreamofConsciousnesswascoinedbyphilosopherandpsychologistWilliamJamesinThePrinciplesofPsychology.Stream-of-consciousnesswritingisusuallyregardedasaspecialformofinteriormonologueandischaracterizedbyassociativeleapsinthoughtandlackofpunctuation.itisprimarilyafictionaldevice.TheBloomsburyGroup—orBloomsburySet—wasanenormouslyinfluentialgroupofassociatedEnglishwriters,intellectuals,philosophersandartists,[1]thebestknownmembersofwhichincludedVirginiaWoolf,JohnMaynardKeynesandE.M.Forster.Theylived,workedorstudiedtogethernearBloomsbury,London,duringthefirsthalfofthe20thcentury.Theirworksandoutlookdeeplyinfluencedliterature,criticism,andeconomicsaswellasmodernattitudestowardsfeminism,pacifism,andsexuality.[3]JamesAugustaAloysiusJoycewasanIrishnovelistandpoet,consideredtobeoneofthemostinfluentialwritersinthemodernistavant-gardeoftheearly20thcentury.2)JoycewasborntoamiddleclassfamilyinDublinandgraduatedfromUniversityCollegeDublin.3）JoyceisbestknownforUlysses(尤里西斯OthermajorworksincludeDubliners,APortraitoftheArtistasaYoungManandFinnegansWake4)Hisworkhasbeensubjecttointensescrutinybyscholarsofalltypes.Hehasalsobeenanimportantinfluenceonalltypesofwritersandscholars.AdelineVirginiaWoolfwasanEnglishnovelist,essayist,regardedasoneoftheforemostmodernistliteraryfiguresofthetwentiethcentury.2)ShewasborninLondon.Duringtheinterwarperiod,WoolfwasasignificantfigureinLondonliterarysocietyandamemberoftheBloomsburyGroup.3)HermostfamousworksincludeMrsDalloway,TotheLighthouse,Orlando,andARoomofOne'sOwn,4)Shehadgreatinfluenceonthefeminismandthestreamofconsciousnessnovels.TessTessoftheD'UrbervillesisthemostfamousnovelofThomasHardy,focusingonthetragicexperienceofitsheroine,Tess.Shecomesfromafarmer’sfamily.OnedayherfatherlearnsthattheyaredescendedfromtheD’Urbervilles.ThereshemeetsAlecD’Urbervilles,Alecmanagestoseduceherandmakeherpregnantandabandonedher.Tessreturnshomeandgivesbirthtoachild,whodiessoon.However,withoutfinancialsupport,TesshastogotoworkandshemeetsAngelClaire.Theyfallinlove.Attheweddingnight,TessadmitsaboutAlecandthechild.Shebegsforforgiveness,butAngelherindisgust.Tessagainreturnshomeandfindsherfamilyremainsimpoverished.Inthemeantime,Alecappearsagainandpromisestosupportherfamily.Shejumpsintothetrapofhimagain.AngelcomesbackhisarrivalmakesTessevenmoredesperate.ShekillsAlecandishangedlater.Tess:aninnocentcountrygirlbroughtupwiththetraditionalideaofwomanlyvirtues,suffersthepovertyofthesociety.herbravetotheevil,persistenttothetruth，pursuetoherloverepresentsheisthemodelofmoderntime.AlecAninsoucianttwenty-four-year-oldman,heirtoafortune,andbearerofanamethathisfatherpurchased,Thereisfrankacceptanceinthisadmissionandnoshame.Alecsymbolizesthebaseforcesoflifethatdriveapersonawayfrommoralperfectionandgreatness.AngelClareAfreethinkingsonbornintothefamilyofaprovincialparsonanddeterminedtosethimselfupasafarmerinsteadofgoingtoCambridge..Atypicalyoungnineteenth-centuryprogressive,Angelseeshumansocietyasathingtoberemoldedandimproved,andheferventlybelievesinthenobilityofman.Herejectsthevalueshandedtohim.Angelrepresentsarebelliousstrivingtowardapersonalvisionofgoodness.Heisasecularistwhoyearnstoworkforthe“honorandgloryofman,Jackepitomisestheworstaspectsofhumannaturewhenunrepressedorun-temperedbysociety.LikeRalph,Jackisanaturalleaderbuthehasinherentloveofviolence.UnlikeRalph,Jackappealstomoreprimaldesiresinthechildrenandreliesonhisstatusasleaderofthechoirboystojustifyhisauthority.Althoughhiswayofbehavingisneitherdisruptivenorviolentatthebeginningofthebook,hedoes,atthattime,expressanunquenchabledesiretohuntandkillapigandspendshoursinsolitudetraversingtheisland.Piggyisanintellectual,withpooreyesight,aweightproblem,andasthma.[13]Heisthemostphysicallyvulnerableofalltheboys.Byfrequentlyquotinghisaunt,heprov