Interior-monologue内心独白

Interiormonologueisaphraseclosedrelatedtothestreamofconsciousnessnovel.Unlikeexternalaction,themovementofconsciousnessisapsychologicalprocesswhichwecannotsee.Soanobjectivedescriptionofitisimpossibleandinteriormonologue,whichcanregistertheslightestwaveringofortheworldthatsurroundsconsciousness,isthebestwaytoillustrateit.Almostallthestreamofconsciousnessnovelistsusethistechniqueintheirworks.Streamofconsciousnessisaverycomplicatedpsychologicalprocess.AccordingtotheAustrianpsychoanalystSigmundFreud,itcanbedividedintothreelevels:theId(theunconscious),theEgo(thesubconscious)andtheSuperego(theconscious).Ofthethreelevels,theunconsciousmindisthemostprimitivestateofmind.Toshowthedifferentlevelsofone’sconsciousness,interiormonologueisalsodividedintodifferenttypes.Generallyspeaking,interiormonologuecanbedividedintotwotypes:directinteriormonologueandindirectinteriormonologue.Whendirectinteriormonologueisused,theauthoradoptsthefirstpersontonarrateandisnotinvolvedinthenarrationbymakingnoexplanationorremarkonthecharacter’sthoughtandexperience.Thisdeviceenablesthecharactertothoroughlyrevealhis/hercomplexpsychologicalactivityandparticularlyitenablesadisplayofthecharacter’sunconsciousness.Thedisplayoftheunconsciouspartofthecharactergivesthereaderachancetoafulleranddeeperunderstandingofthecharacter.Whenindirectinteriormonologueisused,theauthorwillusethethirdpersontonarrateandispartlyinvolvedinthenarrationbymakingsomeexplanationorcomment.Thisdeviceenablesthewritertoshowtheworkingsoftheconsciousandsubconsciousmindbutnotthatoftheunconsciousmindsincethemovementofthecharacter'sconsciousnessiscontrolledsurreptitiouslybythewriter.BothVirginiaWoolfandJamesJoycearemastersofthestreamofconsciousnessnovelandbothadoptthetechniqueofinteriormonologue.However,WoolftendstouseindirectinteriormonologuewhileJoyceusuallyusesdirectinteriormonologue.ExamplesofindirectinteriormonologuecanbefoundinmanypartsofMrs.DallowaywrittenbyWoolf:SoshewouldstillfindherselfarguinginSt.James'sPark,stillmakingoutthatshehadbeenright—andshehadtoo—nottomarryhim.Forinmarriagealittlelicense,alittleindependencetheremustbebetweenpeoplelivingtogetherdayindayoutinthesamehouse;whichRichardgaveher,andshehim.(Wherewashethismorningforinstance?Somecommittee,sheneveraskedwhat.)ButwithPetereverythinghadtobeshared;everythinggoneinto.Anditwasintolerable,andwhenitcamethatsceneinthelittlegardenbythefountain,shehadtobreakwithhimortheywouldhavebeendestroyed,bothofthemruined,shewasconvinced;thoughshehadborneaboutwithherforyearslikeanarrowstickinginherheartthegrief,theanguish;andthenthehorrorofthemomentwhensomeonetoldherattheconcertthathehadmarriedawomanmetontheboatgoingtoIndia!Nevershouldsheforgetallthat!Cold,heartless,aprude,hecalledher.Nevercouldsheunderstandhowhecared.ButthoseIndianwomendidpresumably—silly,pretty,flimsynincompoops.Andshewastedherpity.Forhewasquitehappy,heassuredher—perfectlyhappy,thoughhehadneverdoneathingthattheytalkedofhiswholelifehadbeenafailure.Itmadeherangrystill.(10)PeterisClarissa'sformerlove.Comparedwithherhusband,Peterisfantastic,alittlebitdominantbutnotpractical.ThoughshefinallychoosesMr.Dallowayasherhusband,shestilllovesPeter.ThatiswhyshefeelshorriblewhensheisinformedofPeter'smarriagewithanIndiangirl.Likeanyothersensitivewoman,shebecomesjealousoftheIndiangirlandcallshersilly,pretty,flimsynincompoop(10).AftermanyyearsofpeacefulbutdullmarriagelifewithMr.Dalloway,hermoodisstirredbythenewsofPeter'sreturningtoLondonfromIndia.SosheistryingtoconvinceherselfthatherchoiceofMr.Dallowayasherhusbandisright.Thisisasubtledescriptionofthepsychologyofasensitivewoman.Thisisnotaone-hundred-percentindirectinteriormonologuebutmorelikeakindofinternalanalysismadebythewriter.Inthissense,VirginiaWoolfisuniqueinusingthetechniqueofindirectinteriormonologue.Comparedwithindirectinteriormonologue,directinteriormonologueisnotsoeasytounderstand.Theforty-five-pageddescriptionoftheunconsciousmindofMollyBloom,oneofthemaincharactersinUlysesswrittenbyJoyce,isacelebratedexampleofdirectinteriormonologue:Nowmakehimwantmethat’stheonlywayaquarterafterwhatanunearthlyhourIsupposethey’rejustgettingupinChinanowcombingouttheirpigtailsforthedaywellsoonhavethenunsringingtheangelusthey’venobodycomingintospoiltheirsleepexceptanoddpriestortwoforhisnightofficeorthealarmclocknextdooratcockshoutclatteringthebrainsoutofitselfletmeseeifIcandozeoff12345whatkindofflowersarethosetheyinventedlikethestarsthewallpaperinLombardstreetwasmuchnicetheapronhegavemewaslikethatsomethingonlyIonlyworeittwicebetterlowerthislampandtryagainsoasIcangetupearly…(642)Thisisonlyasmallpartoftheforty-five-pageddirectinteriormonologueofMollyBloomattheendofthenovel.ItisadepictionofthestreamofconsciousnessofMollyinatrancewhensheiswokenupatmidnightbyherhusbandandfeelsitdifficulttofallasleepagain.UlysessbeginsrecordstheexperiencesofanIrishJewLeopoldBloomwithinoneday.Hehisone-dayactivitywithhisgettingupinthemorningandendsupwithhisbringinghomethedrunkStephenDedalusatmidnight.HiswifeMolly,asinger,fromwhomhehasbeenestrangedsincetheirsondied,hasbee