SHG11SFG1111DFG11OPA1OPO111图1三波相互作用过程,↓表示输入频率,↑表示产生的频率Parametricgeneration321光学参量振荡器(OpticalParametricOscillator)参量放大器:频率为1和3的光波差频出2的光波,同时频率为1的光波得到放大,称为参量放大,功率放大倍数为:21220021cosh1sinh0ALLLA2203012312181(0)effcdIlcnnn0为相位匹配条件下的增益系数(1/cm),lc为表征参量放大过程的特征长度光学参量振荡器(OpticalParametricOscillator):在相位匹配条件下,高频泵浦光与两个低频光相互作用,两个低频光都得到放大。如果将非线性介质放在谐振腔内,并使这个谐振腔对这两个低频光共振,在参量放大的增益超过损耗时,两个光波会同时产生振荡。为方便起见,两个振荡光波分别叫信号波(Signal)和闲频波(Idler)。信号光和闲频光同时在腔内振荡,称为双共振光参量振荡器(DoublyResonantOscillator);只有信号光或闲频光在腔内振荡,称为单共振光参量振荡器(SinglyResonantOscillator)。参量增益E(1)E(3)E(2)=0光参量振荡器基本结构PumpHighreflectorOutputcouplermedium+z乔麦特和米勒1965年研制的第一台光学参量振荡器s,i参量增益:3312(2)2153LiNbOparametricamplifier0.531.062.245.95/(0,)5MW/cm1cmeffmmnddpmVIL设k=0031231202-3123120.6406a1.22422I(0)0.172(pm/V)(0)(MW/cm)(μm)(μm)1s0.64cimG(L,)()()4h04n.7effeffdnnncdInnnLeeSinglepassgainis47%E(1)E(3)E(2)=0差频产生和参量放大图OPO三种工作方式HR@sHT@iHT@pHR@sHR@iHT@pHR@sHR@iHR@pHR@sHR@iHR@pPR@sPR@iHT@pPR@sHT@iHT@pPR,高反;HT,高透;PR,部分反射PhaseaccumulationPhaseaccumulation'1R1RReflectionReflection-Similartoamplifierproblembutinthiscasethesteady-stateconditionmeansthatboththesignalandidlerbeamareeffectivelyinputintothecavity.Solveproblemwiththesetwoinitialconditions1(0,)A2(0,)ALAfterinteractinginforwardpasswithpumpbeaminsidecavity1(,)LA2(,)LA2(0,)A3(0,)A33(,)(0,)LAA1(0,)A(2)Solveequationsbelowfortheaboveboundaryconditions,i.e.12(0,)0and(0,)0AA计算入射端信号光和闲频光光电场都不为零情况下的参量放大参量增益(ParametricGain)*22213012*21223022()0()0dAzdAziAAzdzdzdAzdAziAAzdzdz1102021020()coshsinh;()coshsinhAzDzDzAzFzFz化为二阶齐次微分方程组:通解为*12210;0FAFiA*132*231()0()()0()dAziAAzdzdAziAAzdz*11220;0DADiA1222033012312800effdAIcnnn频率为3的泵浦光场不损耗,耦合波方程:10120212**0200202001()0;()0;0;0zzzzAzAAzAdAzdAzDiAFiAdzdz由边界条件:通解系数:双共振OPO产生的两个光电场解:10*210()coshsinh00AzzAiAz2**1200221*002()coshsinh()0()coshs00inh0AzziAzAzAzzAzAiA对共轭得:0011**0022(0)coshsinh()(0)sinhcosh()(0)A(z)AzizAzAizzAzA行和系用“矢量”矩表示:信号光和闲频光在腔内往返传输及自洽条件模型Referenceplanez=0PumpLAaAdAbAcAe如果在谐振腔内往返一周不变,就表示信号光和闲频光处在稳定的振荡条件。Azr1,r2r1,r2图为OPO基本模型。为简单起见,假定非线性晶体本身作为一个光学谐振腔,其两端对信号光和闲频光的反射率为R1,2=|r1,2|2,r为对光电场振幅反射系数,R为光功率反射系数。腔镜对泵浦光是透明的。1,21R模型中,镜面反射矩阵:1*200rr信号波和闲频波反向传输矩阵:1200ikLikLee谐振腔内光场往返振荡的自洽条件:往返一周后的行“矢量”1112221100**220000coshsinh000sinhcosh0ikLikLikLeaikLikLikLarreLieLeA=ArrieLeLe=MAMM-I=aaaAAA0或方程组有解条件为:det0M-I1*200rr1*200rr11220000coshsinhsinhcoshikLikLikLikLeLieLieLeL1200ikLikLeebcde1*200aAAAa经过非线性晶体的参量增益、相位累加输出镜镜面反射反向再次经过非线性晶体无增益、相位累加输入镜镜面反射eAbAcAdA11221122(2)(2)1020222120cosh1cosh1sinhikLikLikLkLReLReLRRezL双共振OPO相位条件镜面上相位,令1122222210102222**2020coshsinhsinhcoshikLikLikLikLreLireLMireLreL1222*1122;iirRerRe112222,22kLmmnkLn整M矩阵det(M-I)=0Signalandidlerarebothstandingwavesincavity双共振OPO阈值条件120121coshRRLRR200cosh12LL根据泰勒级数展开式由21020120cosh1cosh1sinhRLRLRRL2120121211211thDRORRLRRRR22coshsinh1xx满足相位条件的自洽条件重写为:利用12,1RR双共振OPO阈值条件01211thDROLRR单共振OPO阈值条件10cosh1RL单共振OPO阈值条件也可写成双共振OPO与单共振OPO阈值比较12210cosh1ikLrLe1122mkLm为整数101thSRO12121RLRR令r2=0相位条件振幅条件0122thDRO01thSRO111221LRRRLR12021thSRORIL122011thDRORRIL22120301232213012281effeffddnnncnnnc用光强I表示双共振OPO阈值用光强I表示单共振OPO阈值123120312222(2)2123123122(2)2(0,)(1)(1)8(μm)(μm)(0,,MW/cm)33.6(1)(1)[(cm)][(pm/V)]thefftheffnnncIRRLdnnnIRRLd例,I类匹配LiNbO3晶体,d31=5.95pm/V,L=1cmc=0.53m1=2=1.06mn1n2n32.24,R1=R2=0.983242322233.62.241.06410()MW/cm15.954.8kW/cmthI举例:相当于平均功率10W的1.06微米连续波激光聚焦到直径0.5mm形成的功率密度BBO(b-BaB2O4,偏硼酸钡)晶体由中科院福建物构所首先生长成功的,特点是损伤阈值高,紫外透明范围宽,非线性系数中等(大于KDP,小于LiNbO3).BBO晶体属于三角晶系,3(C3)晶类,负单轴晶体。微潮解,透明波段0.19~3.3m。。2222222.73590.018780.018220.013542.37530.012240.016670.01516oennBBO晶体主轴折射率的Sellmeier色散公式:OPO应采用I类匹配111psieoopsipsinnn222221cossin()()(,)eopeppnnn能量守恒:波法线的菲涅尔方程动量守恒2426283032340.51.01.52.02.5Wavelength/mAngel/degee~2kLOPO带宽由相位失配量决定:kcnnnkkkk221133213;2211&3311222nnncL2211330fornnnk2121cLnn1212nn;近简并点带宽增大355nm紫外激光泵浦的I类相位匹配BBOOPO调谐曲线BBOOPO示意图2222()cossin32.6pm/VeffdIddm24化学式:ZnGeP2结构黄铜矿晶体对称和类型42m熔点1040C密度4.162/cm3显微硬度980±80kg/mm2莫氏硬度5.5热导率180mW/(cm.K)热膨胀系数b‖=5×10-6K-1,b⊥=7.8×10-6K-1光学对称正单轴(none)有用透明范围2~12m非线性系数d36=75±8pm/V有效非线性系数typeIdeeo=d36sincos2typeIIdeoo=d36sinsin2ZnGeP2晶体物理及化学特性表2ZnGeP2晶体主轴折射率Sellmeier公式系数PolarizationABCDFOrdinary4.615112595.127975770.136237742.16936050900Extraordinary4.698744185.279244440.l43393652.09861247900)/()/(22222