计算机硬件工程师学习资料(1)(6)(1)(3)

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:1614:JohnNapier(15501617)1623:WilhelmSchickard(15921635)61625:WilliamOughtred(15751660)1668:SamuelMorl(16251695)1671:GottfriedLeibniz161822:CharlesBabbage(17921871)1834:Babbage()Babbage184040(CPU)1848:GeorgeBoole1890:HermanHollerith(IBM)Babbage6(10)1896:HermanHollerithIBM:1906:LeeDeForest19242:IBM1935:IBMIBM60115001937:AlanM.Turing(19121954)1937:BellGeorgeStibitz19401:BellSamuelWilliamsStibitz1941:AtanasoffBerryABC(Atanasoff-BerryComputer)60Hz19431:MarkI51575330460MarkI19439:WilliamsStibitzRelayInterpolatorModelRe-layCalculator71946:ENIAC(ElectronicNumericalIntegratorAndComputer)19431946JohnW.MauchlyJ.PresperEckert3018000251947:BellWilliamB.ShockleyJohnBardeenWalterH.Brattain1949:Wilkes1949:EDVAC(ElectronicDiscreteVariableAutomaticComputer)JohnvonNeumann1950:YoshiroNakamatsIBM1951:GraceMurrayHopper1951:UNIVAC-1J.PresperEckertJohnMauchly1953:1954:IBMJohnBackusFORTRAN(FORmulaTRANslation)19571957:IBM1958912:RobertNoyce(Intel)3020011959:GraceMurrayHopperCOBOL(COmmonBusiness-OrientedLanguage)19611960:ALGOL1961:IBMKennthIversonAPL1963:DECPDP-81964:IBMPL/11964:IBM3601964:DECPDB-81965:181965:LoftiZadeh1965:ThomasE.KurtzJohnKemenyBASIC(BeginnersAll-purposeSymbolicIn-structionCode)1965:DouglasEnglebart19831965:CD66001967:NiklausWirthPASCAL19711968:RobertNoyceIntel1968:SeymourPaperMITLOGO1969:ARPANet(AdvancedResearchProjectsAgencyNetwork)Internet196947:RFC1970:RAMIntel1KB1970:KenThomsonDennisRitchieUNIX1970:Forth1970:InternetARPANet19711115:MarcianE.HoffIntel400423004108KHz61972:19721972:CUNIXDennisRitche1972:Hewlett-Packard197241:Intel80081972:ARPANetInternet1973:PongNolanBushnell(Atari)1974:CLIP-4Intel8080StephenJobs()BillGates()197441:Intel880801975:BillGatesPaulAllenMIT()AltairBASIC1975:BillGatesPaulAllenMicrosoft()3501519922811981MicrosoftIBMPC1976:StephenWozinakStephenJobsApple197868:Intel16808619796168088IBMPC4.77MHz8MHz10MHz300290001979:1979:IBMIBM()1981812IBM-PC1980:1DOSDOS1981:Xerox()Windows1981812:MS-DOS1.0PC-DOS1.0MicrosoftIBMDOSTimPaterson86-DOSIBMPC-DOSMicrosoftMS-DOSMicrosoftIBM1991DOS5.0DOS1.0198332.0MS-DOS1995IBM-PCWindows95DOS7.01982:TCP/IPInternet19822:8028620MHz16MB1GB27013.41983:IBMXT10MB128KB8087500019833:MS-DOS2.0PC-DOS2.0UNIX1984:DNS(DomainNameServer)10001984:CompaqIDEEIDE1985:PhilipsSONYCD-ROM19851017:80386DX33MHz1GB600275000198511:MicrosoftWindowsDOS19978198512:MS-DOS3.2PC-DOS3.23.5720KB3.31.44MB1987:MicrosoftWindows2.01988:EISA1989:TimBerners-LeeWorldWideWebInternet19893:EIDE528MB33.3MB/sCD-ROM1989410:80486DX120100MHz198911:SoundBlasterCard()1990522:Windows3.0MS-DOS199011:MPC()80286/12MHz(80386SX/16MHz)150KB/sec1991:ISA19916:MS-DOS5.0PC-DOS5.0OS/2BillGatesDOS5.0DOS640KBIBMDOS1992:WindowsNT2GB19924:Windows3.11993:Internet1993:Doom1993322:Pentium3006066MHz119935:MPC2CD-ROM300KB/s32024015199437:Intel90100MHzPentium1994:Netscape1.01994:Command&Conquer()1995327:Intel120MHzPentium199561:Intel133MHzPentium1995823:32Windows95MS-DOSDOSWindows951995111:PentiumPro200MHz4.4550199512:NetscapeJavaScript19961:NetscapeNavigator2.0JavaScript199614:Intel150166MHzPentium3103301996:Windows95OSR2BUG1997:HeftAutoQuake2BladeRunner3D199718:IntelPentiumMMXCPU19974:IBM(DeepBlue)199757:IntelPentiumCache199762:Intel233MHzPentiumMMX19982:Intel333MHzPentium0.25m1998625:MicrosoftWindows981999125:LinuxKernel2.2.01999222AMDK6-3400MHz19997:Pentium450MHz100MHz0.25mSSE512KB19991025:Coppermine()Pentium0.18mCoppermine256KBOn-DieL2Cache280010620003:IntelCoppermine128CeleronCeleronCeleronPCoppermineFC-PGASSE2000427:AMDDuronIntelThunderBird20007:AMDIntel1GHzAthlon1.2GMHzAthlon20007:IntelWillamettePentium4423478256KB400MHz0.18mSSE21.4GHz2001514AMDAthlon40.18200MHz256KB128KB2001521VIAC30.15(2mm2)192KB(128KB64KB)Socket370133MHz3DNowMMX2001815VIADDRSDRAMP4P4X2664GBi8502001827Intel2GHzP4562CPU(CentralProcessingUnit)/CPU()/()VonNeumann(.)VonNeumannJohnVonNeumann2040ENIACVonNeumann:5VonNeumannCPUCPUCPUCPUCPUCPU3CPUCache()3:(3264)(48)CD-ROM/(I/O)CPU(CPU)()(DataBus)(AddressBus)(ControlBus)()()()/()()()()()(CPU)CPUCPU()1256KB32KB95%(CPU)/()(CD-ROM)()()VonNeumannCPUCPU(CentralProcessingUnit)CPU486586(Pentium)PPP4CPUCPUCPUPentium586CPU()MHzCPUCPU20CPU48163264ITPCCPUIntelAMDVIA()IntelIntel()IntelIntelIntelIntelCPUIntelCPU:1.Intel40041971Intel4004423002.Intel8080/80854004Intel80808085MotorolaMC6800ZilogZ8083.Intel8086/808816Intel80868087808780868087x86IntelCPUx861979Intel8086808816290004.77MHz201MB808816819818088IBMPC80808088PC()CPU4.Intel802861982Intel802861613.420MHz162416MB5.Intel80386DX/80386SX32Intel19858038632x863227.512.5MHz33MHz8038632324GB38680861989Intel3280386SX32803861680386SX8038680286/80386SX80286803861/3386803876.Intel80486DX/80486SX19898048612525MHz33MHz40MHz50MHz8048680386803878KBx86RISC()8048680387803864486486DX486SXCPUPCCPUCPUCPU23486DX2486DX4CPU7.IntelPentiumClassic():P54C:1993:60200MHz:5066MHz:3.3V:0.80.35m:310330:191mm2:16KBL1Cache:x86x8680:Socket7Pentium(Pentium60Pentium66)Intel4CPUIntelPentium8.IntelPentiumPro():P6:1995:150200MHz:6066MHz:3.1V/3.3V:0.50.35m:550700:196mm2:16KBL1Cache256KB/512KB/1MBL2Cache:x86x8680:Socket89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