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1项城中专2010-2011学年第一学期中考试试题10秋计算机2班考试时间90分钟满分100分命题人：韩文明一．TranslatethefollowingwordsandexpressionsintoChinese(写出下列词组的汉语。)(共20分，每题2分)1．operatingsystem2．snailmail_________________________________3．networksecurity4．onlineauction5．Informationage6．computerhardware7．notebookcomputer8．computervirus9．internetexplorer10．centralprocessingunit(CPU)二．FillintheblankswiththecorrespondingEnglishabbreviations.(根据汉语写出相应的英语缩写。)(共20分，每题2分)1．个人电脑__PC____2．基本输入/输出系统3．随机存取存储器4．算术逻辑单元5．只读存储器6．数字化视频光盘7．计算机辅助教学8．多媒体个人电脑题号一二三四五总分得分29．初学者通用指令码10．因特网服务提供商______________________三.Matchthefollowingwordsandexpressionsintheleftcolumnwiththosesimilarinmeaningintherightcolumn.(将左列的词汇与右列相应的汉语匹配。)(20分，每空2分)1.multimediaa.文字处理器2.computersoftwareb.硬盘3.computersecurityc.多媒体4.monitord.局域网5.wordprocessore.计算机安全6.codewindowsf.计算机软件7.firewallg.显示器8.LANh.代码窗口9.hackeri.黑客10.harddiskj.防火墙1．6.2．7．3．8.4．9.5．10.四.Comprehension(阅读理解)1Thecentralprocessingunit(CPU)istheheartofthecomputersystems.CPU是计算机系统的心脏3Amongotherthings,itsconfigurationdetermineswhetheracomputerisfastorslowinrelationtoothercomputers.它的配置决定了一台电脑的速度是快还是慢，TheCPUisthemostcomplexcomputersystemcomponent,CPU是最复杂的电脑系统元件，responsiblefordirectingmostofthecomputersystemactivitiesbasedontheinstructionsprovided.根据提供的指令负责指引大部分计算机系统活动Asonecomputergenerationhasevolvedtothenext,thephysicalsizeoftheCPUhasoftenbecomesmallerandsmaller,whileitsspeedandcapacityhaveincreasedtremendously随着计算机的一代代不断发展，CPU的的物理形状变得越来越小，而它的速度和处理能力却变得极大的增强.Indeed,thesechangeshaveresultedinmicrocomputersthataresmallenoughtofitonyourdeskoryourlap.事实上，这些变化已经导致微型电脑已经足够小到适合你的办公桌或者你的膝盖。TheCPUcomprisesthecontrolunitandthearithmetic/logicunit(ALU).CPU由控制单元和算术逻辑单元组成。Thecontrolunitisresponsiblefordirectingandcoordinatingmostofthecomputersystemsactivities.控制系统负责指引和协调大部分计算机系统活动Itdeterminesthemovementofelectronicsignalsbetweenmainmemoryandthearithmetic/logicunit,aswellasthecontrolsignalsbetweentheCPUandinput/outputdevices.它决定主存和算术逻辑单元之间电子信号的活动，还有CPU和输入、输出设备间的控制信号。TheALUperformsallthearithmeticandlogical(comparison)functions—thatis,itadds,subtracts,multiplies,divides,anddoescomparisons.算术逻辑单元执行算术和逻辑的功能---也就是加法、减法、乘法、除法和作比较运算。Thesecomparisons,whicharebasically“lessthan”,“greaterthan”,and“equalto”,canbecombinedintoseveralcommonexpressions,suchas“greaterthanorequalto”.比较运算就是根据小于“大于”“等于”能被组合成几个基本的短语，例如“大于等于”Theobjectiveofmostinstructionsthatusecomparisonsistodeterminewhichinstructionshouldbe4executednext.大多数使用比较指令的目的是判断下一步应当执行什么指令。Tellwhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F)accordingtothepassage.（根据上文的内容判断下列句子的正误）（10分,每题2分）1.Withthedevelopmentofcomputer,thephysicalsizeoftheCPUhasoftenbecomebiggerandbigger.(F)2.ThemovementofelectronicsignalsbetweenmainmemoryandtheALUaswellasthecontrolsignalbetweentheCPUandinput/outputdevicesarecontrolledbythecontrolunitoftheCPU.(T)3.TheCPUcomprisesthecontrolunitandmemory.(F)4.Thecontrolunitperformsallthearithmeticandlogical(comparison)functions(F)5.Thecentralprocessingunit(CPU)istheheartofthecomputersystems.(T)2Acomputervirusisacomputerprogramthatiscreatedtomakeandspreadcopiesofitself.计算机病毒是一个被用来制作和传播它自己的副本的计算机程序Theprogrammayhoweveralsobedesignedtohaveothereffectsonthesystemsitinfects,rangingfromtheannoyingtothedisastrous.这种程序也可能被设计成在它感染的系统上有其他的效果，从骚扰到灾难排列。Virusattacksaregrowingrapidlythesedays.目前病毒攻击正在迅速的增加。AccordingtoBusinessWeek,the76,404attacksreportedinthefirsthalfof2003nearlymatchpreviousyear'stotalnumber.根据商业周刊的报道，2003年上半年就有76404次攻击，几乎比得上去年的总数。Asnewantivirustoolsaremorepowerfulthanbefore,theviruswritersaregettingalotsmarterwithnewerandcreativewaystoattacknetworksystems.作为新的杀5毒工具比以前的具有更强大的杀毒能力，病毒制作者正在获得许多更聪明更新和制作方法去攻击网络系统。Let'sfirstexaminesomecommonvirustypes:让我们首先检测一些常见的病毒类型：BasicVirus-apieceofsoftwarecode一条程序代码thatisdevelopedtoattackcomputersandnetworksystemsvia经由，通道emailorInternetconnections被开发用来经由电子邮件或者网络连接攻击电脑和网络系统.Itquicklyreplicatesitselfandgraduallyattachestofiles,programsortheharddrive.它迅速的复制自己，并且逐渐地攻击文件，程序或硬盘驱动器TrojanHorses特洛伊木马-Thisisaprogram这是一个程序thatdoesn'treplicatewhenenteringasystem进入系统时并不复制自己，但是能有效地用来打开“后门”butcanbeeffectivelyusedtoopen'backdoors.'TrojanHorsesallowhackerstotakecontroloveraparticularsystemortostealveryimportantdata特洛伊木马允许黑客控制一个特定系统或窃取非常重要的数据信息.Worm蠕虫病毒-thistypeofvirusisabletospreaditselfautomaticallyoverthenetworkfromonecomputertothenext.这类病毒自动能够通过网络从一台计算机传播它自己到下一台计算机。Duringawormattack,users'computersgetinfectedwithoutevenhavingtoclickopenemailattachmentoranyprogram,etc.当一个蠕虫攻击时,,即使没有点击打开电子邮件附件或任何程序,等用户的电脑会也会被感染Sinceitisverydifficulttoavoidthevirus因为避免病毒攻击是一件非常困难的事情,yourbestdefenseisapowerfulantivirusprogram.所以你最好的防御办法就是安装一个功能强大的防杀毒软件Inordertofightwithsuchviruses,thesoftwarevendorsshouldfocusonmakingtheirproductsmorerobust健康的.为了应对这样的病毒,软件销售商应该关注在使他们的产品具有更强的安全性Thismayaskforatrade-offbetweenuser-friendlinessandsecurity.这或许要求用户使用方便和安全性之间的协调Inspecificcasesitmayrequireline-by-lineinspection,coderetoolingandevensystems6automationtodefendtheinstalledprograms.在特定情况下可以要求line-by-line检验,代码重新组合,甚至系统自动化来保卫他们的安装程序。choosethebestansweraccordingtothepassage(根据上文的内容选择正确的答案。10分，每题2分)1．Acomputervi