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2单位代码10445学号2007040181分类号J59研究生类别高校教师硕士学位论文论文题目：论中国古典建筑之门的审美意蕴学科专业名称：文艺学申请人姓名：刘宜导师姓名：杨存昌教授论文提交时间：2011年6月12日独创声明本人声明所呈交的学位论文是本人在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。据我所知，除了文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外，论文中不包含其他人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果，也不包含为获得（注：如没有其他需要特别声明的，本栏可空）或其他教育机构的学位或证书使用过的材料。与我一同工作的同志对本研究所做的任何贡献均已在论文中作了明确的说明并表示谢意。学位论文作者签名：导师签字：学位论文版权使用授权书本学位论文作者完全了解山东师范大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，有权保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和磁盘，允许论文被查阅和借阅。本人授权山东师范大学可以将学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索，可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存、汇编学位论文。（保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书）学位论文作者签名：导师签字：签字日期：2011年6月12日签字日期：2011年6月12日目录中文摘要„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„1Abstract„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„3导论„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„5一、中国古典建筑之门研究综述„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„5二、本文的研究思路及方法„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„8第一章中国古典建筑之门概说„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„9第一节门的涵义„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„9第二节门演变的历史轨迹„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„10第三节门的种类„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„14第四节门的功能„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„17第二章中国古典建筑之门的文化内涵„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„20第一节伦理理性精神„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„20第二节朴素的辩证法思想„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„23第三节宗教信仰色彩„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„27第三章中国古典建筑之门的审美意蕴„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„30第一节一般意义上的门之美„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„30第二节具体的门之美„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„33结语„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„37注释„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„39参考文献„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„42攻读硕士研究生期间发表的论文„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„46致谢„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„47山东师范大学硕士学位论文1中文摘要建筑是文化的结晶，孕育于中华文明之中的中国古代建筑在世界建筑史中占有重要的地位。门作为建筑的有机组成部分，从产生之始，其通行和防护的实用目的即是人们建造设计的初衷，其建筑意义是不言而喻的；从大的方面而言，它又是在特定文化的滋润下发生发展起来的，不同地域、民族、文化背景下的门之样式、布局、装饰是各不相同的，因此，中国古典建筑之门又是不能须臾离开文化的向度的；而门的美学艺术意蕴则可以看成是特定文化的凝聚和结晶，通过它更能集中展现出不同文化之间的相同性及异质性。依据这种逻辑线索，本选题立足于前人已有研究成果，意在从审美文化和美学两个维度对建筑之门展开系统研究，在论域上主要指涉中国古典建筑，希冀从中见出中国古典建筑之门独特的审美意蕴，进而管窥中华文化的博大精深。通过对中国古典建筑之门审美文化意蕴的开掘，找寻传统建筑美学对现代建筑设计（尤其是对现代建筑中门的设计）的有益启示是我们选题的现实意义之所在。论文主要分为三个部分：第一部分考察中国古典建筑之门的种种情状，包括门的涵义、门演变的历史轨迹、门的种类及门的功能等。门从其造字之初表达着两层涵义：标示义和通行义。就中国古典建筑而言，门的涵义主要有两种，第一种指的是建筑的门，包括作为建筑组群的门和一幢房屋的单体的门两种形式；第二种含义指的是门扇。从历时性的角度考察中国古典建筑之门，大致可以分为起源发生期、演进丰富期、成熟期和鼎盛期四个阶段，这构成了门演变的历史轨迹。从“官方——民间”这一二元对立的角度考察门的种类，可以将其分为官式建筑之门和民间建筑之门两类，官式建筑之门主要包括宫门、城门和衙门三类，民间建筑之门也可以细分为宅院大门、室内隔断门及居室门等。有门之始，它就在建筑和人们的生活中发挥着巨大的作用，通行和防护是门最基本的作用，这是门物质功能的体现；门在满足人们物质功能要求的前提下，又承载着人们无限的精神寄托，其精神功能主要山东师范大学硕士学位论文2体现在门是礼制、信仰和审美的载体三个方面。第二部分透视中国古典建筑之门的文化内涵，主要体现在伦理理性精神、朴素的辩证法思想和宗教信仰色彩三个方面。在第一个方面上门是等级制度和伦理观念的体现；在第二个方面上门的一开一闭实现着天与地、阴与阳、刚健与柔顺的辩证统一，它的起承转合是乾坤变化哲学理念的反映，同时折射出中国古代“天人合一”哲学思想；在第三个方面上中国古典建筑之门所体现出来的宗教信仰色彩除了体现在“门祭”风俗和门神崇拜中之外，还表现在风水术中。除了以上三个方面，门的审美意蕴也是其文化表征的重要方面。第三部分发掘中国古典建筑之门的审美意蕴。可以分为两个层次：就一般意义而言，门的美学意蕴主要体现在虚实相生的空间意境美、理性与情感交织的象征美和视觉焦点上的和谐韵律美等方面；就具体情况而言，中国古典建筑之门带给人的审美观感主要体现在装饰美、色彩美和构图美等方面。关键词：中国古典建筑；门；文化内涵；美学意蕴分类号：J59山东师范大学硕士学位论文3AResearchonTheAestheticMeaningofTheDoorinChineseClassicalArchitectureAbstractThearchitectureisthecrystallizationofculture,Chineseclassicalarchitectureisoneofthemostimportantstylesinthehistoryofarchitectureintheworld.Thedoorisoneimportantpartofarchitecture,itsbasicfunctionsarethroughandprotection.Fromtheaspectisconcerned,differentregion,ethnic,culturalbackgroundofthedoorhasdifferentstyle,layoutanddecoration.Therefore,chineseclassicalarchitectureofthedoorcannotleavethesouloftheculture；theaestheticmeaningofthedoorinChineseclassicalarchitecturecanbeseenasthecrystallizationofculture.Thisarticleismainlydiscussthedoorfromtwoaspects:thecultureandtheaesthetics.Throughthisdiscussion,wehopetoseeouttheuniqueaestheticmeaning,andshowtheprofoundofchineseculture.Thispaperisdividedintothreeparts:Chapteroneismainlystudythemeaningofthedoor,theevolutionofthehistorytrackandthefunctions.Inchineseclassicalarchitecture,doormainlyhastwomeanings:thefirstisthedoor,includingforthegroupofthedoorandahouseofdoor；Thesecondimplicationmeantheentrance.fromwhichangleofthechineseclassicstructureofthedoor,therecanbedividedintooriginandevolution,realtyrich,andgloryforthefourstages.thisistheevolutionofthehistorytrackofthedoor..Thetypesofdoorscanbedividedintothedoorandconstructionofthetwotypesofdoors,includingthemainentrance,gatesandthebureaucraticthreecategories,folkarchitecturedoorhastwocategories:thehousefromthedoorandthedoorofaroom.fromthebeginningofthedoor,itplaysantremendousroleinpeople’slives,throughandprotectionarethemostbasicfunctions,thisisthephysicalfeatureofthedoor,andthespiritembodiedinthemainfunctionisethics,andthecarrierof山东师范大学硕士学位论文4aestheticthreeaspects.Chaptertwoismainlystudytheculturalconnotationofthedoor.Includingthemoralspirit,thedialecticsofthoughtandreligioncolorthreeaspects.inthefirstaspect,hierarchicalsystemandtheethicsarethemainmeaning,Inthesecondaspect,thedooropenedandclosedfortheday,andthedialecticunityofchaosandchangeisthephilosophyoftheindexoftheancientchinesephilosophicalideaofunity；Inthethirdaspect,ofchineseclassicalarchitectureonthedoorofthethecoloursofreligionthanintheofferingcustomsanddoorgodsworshippedinthefengshui,intheabovethreeaspects.inaddition,theaestheticmeaningisalsoanimportantaspectofthecultureconnotation.ChapterthreeismainlystudytheaestheticmeaningofthedoorinChineseclassicalarchitecture.Thispartcanbedividedintotwolevels:generallyspeaking,theaestheticmeaningofthekeyintheartisticbeauty,andemotionswiththesymboloftheunitedstatesandvisualfocuson