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1细胞生物学期末试卷4一、填空题(每空0.5分，共10分)1.分泌蛋白在内质网中通过加上进行翻译后修饰。蛋白质在和的腔中被被修饰。分泌蛋白通过并形成进行转运。有两种类型的包被小泡，一种是，它介导的运输；另一种是小泡，它介导的运输。低密度的脂蛋白通过其表面的与细胞质膜中的结合，然后通过被运进细胞内。2.控制芽殖酵母细胞周期有几个关卡，其中G1关卡主要受基因的控制。3.染色质由DNA包装成染色体压缩了8400倍，其中压缩率最高的是从压缩成，有倍。4.2002年的生理学/医学诺贝尔奖颁给了两位英国科学家和一位美国科学家，以表彰他们为研究器官发育和程序性细胞死亡过程中的所作出的重大贡献。5.在线粒体内膜的呼吸链上有四种类型的电子载体，它们是∶①；②；③；④。二、判断题(正确的标T，错误的标F,或写出必要的答案，共15分)1.IndicatewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueoftheG1phaseofthecellcycle,theSphase,theG2phase,ortheMphase.Agivenstatementmaybetrueofany,all,ornoneofthephases.（每题0.5分，共5分）(a)TheamountofnuclearDNAinthecelldoubles.(b)Thenuclearenvelopebreaksintofragments.(c)Sisterchromatidsseparatefromeachother.(d)Cellsthatwillneverdivideagainarelikelytobearrestedinthisphase.(e)Theprimarycellwallofaplantcellforms.(f)Chromosomesarepresentasdiffuse,extendedchromatin.(g)Thisphaseispartofinterphase.(h)Mitoticcydinisatitslowestlevel.(i)ACdkproteinispresentinthecell.(j)Acellcyclecheckpointhasbeenidentifiedinthisphase.2.同一个体不同组织的细胞中,核仁的大小和数目都有很大的变化,这种变化和细胞中蛋白质合成的旺盛程度有关。()3.将同步生长的M期细胞与同步生长的S期细胞融合,除了见到正常的染色体外,还可见到细线状的染色体。()4.在有丝分裂后期，通过对周期蛋白的遍在蛋白多聚化，介导周期蛋白被蛋白酶体降解，从而退出M期。()5.核纤层是由核纤层蛋白A、核纤层蛋白B和核纤层蛋白C构成的，其中只有核纤层蛋白A与内核膜相连，核纤层蛋白B和C则与染色质相连。()6.在细胞周期中，如果纺锤体装配不正常，则被阻止G2期。7.结合有核糖体的内质网被称为粗面内质网，脱去核糖体的内质网则称为光面内质网。()8.同源异型框是一类同源异型基因表达产物中60个氨基酸的保守序列,它的突变可以改变发育的方向。()9.叶绿体的核酮糖二磷酸羧化酶是由16个亚基组成的聚合体,其中8个大亚基是核基因编码的。()10.有丝分裂器中有三种类型的纺锤体微管，其中星微管的可能作用是给核分裂传递信号。（）11.在减数分裂过程中,染色体间发生的分子重组是随机发生的。()2三、选择题(请将正确答案的代号填入括号，每题1分，共15分)1.Ethylalcoholisdetoxifiedintheliver.Youwouldexpectalcoholtohavewhichofthefollowingeffectsonlivercells?（）a.Nucleardegenerationb.GrowthofthesmoothERc.Increasedlysosomesd.GrowthofroughERe.Noneoftheabove2.Whichofthefollowingproteinswouldnotbefoundinthesmoothendoplasmicreticulum?（）a.Ca2+-pumpingenzymesb.cytochromeP450c.glucose6-phosphatased.signalpeptidase3.Whichofthefollowingexplainswhymicrosomescan'tbeseenincellsviewedwiththeelectronmicroscope?（）a.Theyarefartoosmall.b.Theyareartifactsofhomogenizationandcentrifugation.c.Theyaretransparenttoelectrons.d.Theyactuallycanbeseeninelectronmicrographsofcells.4.IfyoucomparedtheproteinsinacisGolgicompartmentwiththoseinatransGolgicompartment,youwouldfind:（）a.theproteinsinthetwocompartmentsareidentical.b.theproteinsintheciscompartmentareglycosylatedandcontainmodifiedaminoacids,whereasthoseinthetranscompartmentarenotmodified.c.theproteinsintheciscompartmentareglycosylated,whereasthoseinthetranscompartmentareglycosylatedandcontainmodifiedaminoacids.d.theproteinsoftheciscompartmentareshorterthanthoseofthetranscompartment.5.WhichtypeofvesicleofthetransGolginetworkwouldbemostlikelytocarryhormonesdestinedforregulatedsecretion?（）a.lysosomalvesiclesb.clathrin-coatedvesiclesc.non-clathrin-coatedvesiclesd.alloftheabove6.Ifyoutreatedcellswithadrugthatinterfereswithmicrotubules,suchascolchicine,whichofthefollowingwouldresult?（）a.Cellshapewouldbedisrupted.b.Mitosisandmeiosiswouldnotoccur.c.Theintracellularlocationoforganelleswouldbedisrupted.d.Alloftheabovewouldresult.7.Firstyoudissolvethemembranefromanintactflagellum,usingthedetergentTritonX-100.NextyousoaktheaxonemeinasolutioncontainingEDTA,whichremovestheMg2+.Whatremainsoftheaxonemeafterthesetreatments?（）a.peripheraltubulesonly3b.peripheraltubulesandcentraltubules,butnosidearmsorATPaseactivityc.peripheraltubules,centraltubules,sidearms,andATPaseactivityd.peripheraltubules,centraltubules,sidearms,ATPaseactivity,andaMembrane8.Thesarcoplasmicreticulummusthaveintegralmembraneproteinsthatcan:a.releaseandpumpCa2+.（）b.bindtotropomyosinandtroponin.c.undergoactionpotentials.d.contract.9.Whenchromatinistreatedwithnonspecificnucleases,whatisthelengthofthereultingpiecesofDNA?a.randomnumbersofbasepairsb.about60basepairsc.about8basepairsd.about200basepairs10.Whatdotelomeresdo?（）a.Theyprotectthechromsomesfromdegradationbynucleases.b.Theypreventtheendsofchromosomesfromfusingwithoneanother.c.Theyarerequiredforcompletechromosomalreplication.d.alloftheabove11.Cyclinconcentrationsarehighestduringwhichperiodsofthecellcycle?（）a.lateG1andearlySb.lateG2andearlyMc.lateG1andlateG2d.lateMandlateS12.ARF是一种单体G蛋白,它有一个GTP/GDP结合位点,当结合有GDP时,没有活性。若ARF-GDP同()结合,可引起GDP和GTP的交换。a.GTPase;b.GTP酶激活蛋白;c.Ca2+-ATPased.鸟嘌呤核苷释放蛋白。13.用剧烈方法分离到的叶绿体是Ⅱ型叶绿体，不能()。a.产生O2b.不能合成ATPc.不能产生NADPHd.不能固定CO214.细胞的生长和分化在本质上是不同的,生长是细胞数量的增加、干重的增加；而细胞分化则是:()a.形态结构发生变化;b.生理功能发生变化;c.生化特征发生变化;d.以上都是正确的。15.真核生物的基因表达调控发生在四个水平上。通过对DNA的甲基化来关闭基因的调控则是属于()。a.染色质活性水平的调控；b.转录水平调控；c.转录后加工水平的调控；d.翻译水平的调控。四、简答题(选做4题，每题5分，20分)1.Howdoesregulatedsecretiondifferfromconstitutivesecretion?42.Dynamicinstabilitycausesmicrotubuleseithertogrowortoshrinkrapidly.Consideranindividualmicro-tubulethatisinitsshrinkingphase.WhatwouldhappenifthesolutioncontainedananalogueofGTPthatcannotbehydrolyzed?3.Statetheconclusionthatcanbedrawnfromthefollowingfinding:Whenananimalcellistreatedwithcolchicine,itsmicrotubulesdepolymerizeandvirtuallydisappear.Ifthecolchicineisthenwashedaway,theMTsappearagain,beginningatthecentrosomeandelongatingoutwardatabouttherate(1gm/min)atwhichtubulinpolymerizesinvitro.4.什么是蛋白质N-连接糖