Shall-I-compare-thee-to-a-summers-day

SonnetbyW.ShakespearePoeticMeterMeter音歩referstotherhythmofalineofpoetry.Afoot韵脚isthebasicunitoftheunderlyingrhythmofapoem.Afootconsistsofacertainnumberofsyllables(orbeats)formingpartofalineofverse.TheSonnetsMostofthesonnetsareaddressedtoabeautifulyoungman,arivalpoet,andadark-hairedlady.Sonnets1-126focusonayoungmanandthespeaker'sfriendshipwithhim,andSonnets127-52focusonthespeaker'srelationshipwithawoman.莎士比亚十四行诗大约创作于1590年至1598年之间，其诗作的结构技巧和语言技巧都很高，几乎每首诗都有独立的审美价值。诗集分为两部分，第一部分为前126首，献给一个年轻的贵族（FairLord），诗人的诗热烈地歌颂了这位朋友的美貌以及他们的友情；第二部分为第127首至最后，献给一位“黑女士”（DarkLady），描写爱情。Today,inclass,wewillexploretwosonnetstogether:oneaddressedtotheFairYouthandoneaddressedtotheDarkLady.Sonnet18oftenalternatelytitledShallIcomparetheetoasummer'sday?,isoneofthebest-knownof154sonnetswrittenbytheEnglishplaywrightandpoetWilliamShakespeare.RhymeScheme:ababcdcdefefggMetricalPattern:iambicpentameterShakespeare’sSonnet18ShallIcomparetheetoasummer’sday?Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate:能不能让我来把你比作夏日？你可是更加可爱，更加温婉；yougentleYouareShakespeare’sSonnet18RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,Andsummer’sleasehathalltooshortadate:狂风会吹落五月里开的好花儿，夏季租出的日子又未免太短暂：charming;pleasinghasduration,timeallottedalimitedperiodoftimeShakespeare’sSonnet18SometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshinesAndoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimmed;有时候苍天的巨眼照得太灼热，他那金彩的脸色也会被遮暗；sometimes,fromtimetotimethesunnotbrightnaturalcolorandappearanceoftheskinofthefaceShakespeare’sSonnet18Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,Bychanceornature’schangingcourseuntrimm’d;每一样美呀，总会离开美而凋落，被时机或者自然的代谢所摧残；everybeautifulthingorpersonfrombeautyfortunestrippedofbeautyUntrimmedbychance,ornature’schangingcourseShakespeare’sSonnet18Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade,Norlosepossessionofthatfairthouow’st;但是你永久的夏天决不会凋枯，你永远不会失去你美的形相；existingforeverlosecolor,freshnessorvigorowestownShakespeare’sSonnet18Norshalldeathbragthouwander’stinhisshade,Whenineternallinestotimethougrow’st:死神夸不着你在他影子里踯躅，你将在不朽的诗中与时间同长；wanderboastthougrow’sttotimegrow—growestShakespeare’sSonnet18Solongasmencanbreathe,oreyescansee,Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.只要人类在呼吸，眼睛看得见，我这诗就活着，使你的生命绵延。thispoemNext莎士比亚古英语与现代英语区别对照thee〓you（宾格）,thou〓you（主格）,art〓are,hath〓has,sometime〓sometimes,thy〓yourSonnet18:1stQuatrain1.ShallIcomparetheetoasummer’sday?2.Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate:3.RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,4.Andsummer’sleasehathalltooshortadate;1.Whois“thee?”Basedonthefirstline,whatcanweexpecttofollow?2.“Temperate”meansmoderateorbalanced.So,isthepersonaddressedbetterorworsethana“summer’sday?”3.Whathumancharacteristicmightthe“roughwinds”besymbolize?Whatcriticismofsummerdoestheauthormake?Whichtwothingsareopposites,accordingtothefirstquatrain?Sonnet18:2ndQuatrain5.Sometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines,6.Andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimmed;7.Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,8.Bychanceornature’schangingcourseuntrimmed.5.WhatdoyouthinkShakespearemeansby“eyeofheaven?”6.Whose“goldcomplexion?”7.Whatishurtbya“summer’sday?”“Untrimmed”means“lossofbeauty”or“strippedofgayapparel.”So,whatistheoveralleffectofsummer?Inthesecondquatrain,Shakespeareusesnatureasametaphorforwhat?Sonnet18:3rdQuatrain9.Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade,10.Norlosepossessionofthatfairthouow’st;11.Norshalldeathbragthouwander’stinhisshade,12.Whenineternallinestotimethougrow’st:9.Forwhatis“eternalsummer”ametaphor?10.Ofwhatwilltheyouthnot“losepossession?”Whatseemsironic(orcontradictory)aboutthisline?HowdoesShakespearesuggesttheyouthwillcontinueto“grow’st?”Shakespeareseemstothink,fromlines11and12,thatapersoncanliveeternally,untouchedbydeath.Howisthispossible?Sonnet18:FinalCouplet13.Solongasmencanbreatheoreyescansee,14.Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.13.Summarizethemeaning.14.Whatis“this?”Whatgiveslifetotheyouth?Nodirectanswerisgiventothefirstquestionofthe1stquatrain.ButShakespeareoffersusanindirectanswer.Whatdoyouthinkitis?Ow'stinlinetencanalsocarrytwomeaningsownestandowest.Manyreadersinterpretitasownest,asdomanyShakespeareanglosses(oweinShakespeare'sday,wassometimesusedasasynonymforown).However,owestdeliversaninterestingviewonthetext.Itconveystheideathatbeautyissomethingborrowedfromnature—thatitmustbepaidbackastimeprogresses.Thepoemstartswithaflatteringquestiontothebeloved—ShallIcomparetheetoasummer'sday?Thebelovedisbothmorelovelyandmoretemperatethanasummer'sday.Thespeakerlistssomenegativethingsaboutsummer:itisshort—summer'sleasehathalltooshortadate—andsometimesthesunistoohot—Sometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines.ParaphraseParaphraseHowever,thebelovedhasbeautythatwilllastforever,unlikethefleetingbeautyofasummer'sday.Byputtinghislove'sbeautyintotheformofpoetry,thepoetispreservingitforever.Solongasmencanbreathe,oreyescansee,Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.Thelover'sbeautywillliveon,throughthepoemwhichwilllastaslongasitcanberead.唯有文学可以和时间抗衡的思想。文学是人所创造的业绩，同时宣告人的伟大和不朽。在中古教会的眼里，人不但不是伟大的，而且是生来有罪的，是人却将他从孽种升到几乎与天使相等的地位。大胆表达了英国文艺复兴时期人文主义新思想。Animportantthemeofthesonnet(asitisanimportantthemethroughoutmuchofthesequence)isthepowerofthespeaker’spoemtodefytimeandlastforever,car