自动化专业英语试卷及答案

2008年秋冬学期研究生专业英语期末考试试卷参考答案1.TranslatethefollowingwordsorphrasesintoChinese①Metric度量②Convergence收敛③Covariance方差④Stochastic随机⑤Equivalence等价⑥Dynamicequation动态方程⑦Criteria判据、评价标准⑧MeasurementModel测量模型⑨Partialderivativeequation偏微分方程⑩Inthesenseofprobability在概率意义上，依概率2.ExplainthefollowingsymbolsinEnglish①mbthesecondorderderivativeofbsubm,bdoubleprimesubm②ABAisequivalenttoB③ixaixapproachesa④yxthepartialderivativeofywithrespectivetox⑤abintegralbetweenlimitsbtoa⑥a‖baisparalleltob⑦3athecuberootofa⑧AXsetAiscontainedinX⑨abcdefaplusbminuscmultipliedd,alldividedbyeequalsf⑩,,.asiNstaaiforanyspecial,thereisarespectedN,suchthatiaapproachesaasiapproaches二、TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChineseParagraphA[8Points]AsubsetAXissaidtobeboundedifthereexistsMRsuchthat(,)dxyMforall,xyA.ThediameterofAisdefinedtobesup(,),dxyxyA.AboundedmetricspaceisoneforwhichXitselfisbounded.BoundedintervalsinRareboundedsets.Adiscretemetricspaceisbounded(take1M).译文：一个子集AX被称为是有界的，如果存在MR使得对所有,xyA有(,)dxyM。A的半径被定义为sup(,),dxyxyA。有界度量空间是指X本身有界的空间。在R上有界的区间是一个有界集。离散度量空间是有界的（取1M）ParagraphB[8Points]Ingeneral,itisnotrequiredthatthereferencedynamicmodelbeexactlythesameasthetruthdynamicsorthatthemodelingparameterαbeequivalenttothetruemodelingvector.ThisnotationisleftinplacetosimplifythederivationoftheKalmanfilterformulation.Anumberofinnovativeapproacheshavebeendevelopedforadaptingreferencemodelparameterstoimprovefidelity(逼真度)withtheunknownreal-worldsystemmodelandcanbeusedtoenhancefilteroperation.译文：一般来说，并不需要参考动态模型与实际动态模型完全相同，或模型参数a与实际模型矢量相等。这个记号保留下来只是为了简化Kalman滤波公式的推导。大量的改进方法也已被开发出来用于调整参考模型的参数使其与未知的实际系统更接近，这些方法也能被用于增强滤波器运行效果。ParagraphC[8Points]ItiscommonlyheldamongdesignersofKalmanfiltersthattheimplementationoftheformulaslistedaboverepresentsonlyaportionoftheeffortrequiredtodevelopanaccurateandrobustKalmanfilterapplication.Oncethedynamics,measurements,andpartialderivativeshavebeencoded,thetaskremainedistotunethenoisemagnitudesrepresentedintheprocessnoisecovarianceQandthemeasurementnoisecovarianceR.Whilethemeasurementnoisecanbebasedinrealistichardwareperformancespecifications,theprocessnoiseisoftenusedasatuningparametertoensurethatthefilteroperatescorrectly.译文：在Kalman滤波器的设计者中存在着这样一个共识：对上文所列出来的公式的实现只是用于建立一个精确且稳健的Kalman滤波器应用的一部分努力。一旦动态方程、测量方程和偏微分方程被编码，剩下的任务就是调节在过程噪声方差阵Q和测量噪声方差阵R中表示的噪声幅度值的大小。其中测量噪声的调整可可以立足于实际系统的硬件性能指标，过程噪声常常被用于调节一些参数，以保证滤波处理过程正确。ParagraphD[8Points]Supposenowthat1Xisgivenasafixedfunctionoftherandomvariables0(),...,()ytyt.Then1Xisitselfarandomvariableanditsactualvalueisknownwhenevertheactualvaluesof0(),...,()ytytareknown.Ingeneral,theactualvalueof11()tXwillbedifferentfromthe(unknown)actualvalueof11()xt.Toarriveatarationalwayofdetermining1X,itisnaturaltoassignapenaltyorlossforincorrectestimates.Clearly,thelossshouldbea(i)positive,(ii)nondecreasingfunctionoftheestimationerror1111()()xttX.译文：现在设1X是随机变量0(),...,()ytyt的确定函数，则1X本身就是一个随机变量，其实际取值只有在0(),...,()ytyt确定后才能确定。一般地，11()tX的实际值将与（未知的）11()xt的实际值不同。为了寻找确定1X的一个合理的方法，自然会为不准确的估计赋予一个惩罚或损失。显然，损失应该是估计误差1111()()xttX的（i）正定、(ii)非递减函数。ParagraphE[8Points]Definition:Alead/lagcompensatorisarationalfunctionoftheform(1)()1CKsRssfor,,KRwith0,1and,0K.Itisaleadcompensatorwhen1andalagcompensatorwhen1.译文定义：一个超前/滞后补偿器是一个形如(1)()1CKsRss，,,KR，0,1，,0K的有理函数。当1时，它是一个超前补偿器；当1时，它是一个滞后补偿器。三、Trytowriteanabstractforthefollowingarticleinabout150words[20Points]TCP/IPCommunicationforReal-TimeandEmbeddedSystems（Articledeletedhere）AbstractUsingathermalmodelofahouseasanexample,thisarticledescribesamethodforcommunicatingwithotherdevicesviaTCP/IP.ThemethodisbasedonusinginexpensiveTCP/IP-to-serial-conversionhardware.Thereal-timesystemisxPCTarget™,abootablekernelthatenablesreal-timeexecutionofSimulink®modelsonaseparatePC.Thetargetcomputerisanx86processorIntel®/AMD®standardPCthatcanusecommercialoff-the-shelfinput/outputinterfacecards.Theconnectivityapproachdescribedherecanbeusedwithanyreal-timeorembeddedsystemthatsupportsserialcommunication.四、WriteanEmailtoaforeignprofessoraccordingtofollowingrequirements（Inabout300words）SupposethatyouareplanningtostudyforadoctordegreeinSci.abroad,andyouhavegottheemailaddressofafamousprofessorinyourintendedstudyingmajorinanEnglishspeakingcountry.Youhaveneverhadanycontactwiththisprofessorandthisisthefirsttimeyouwritetohim(her).Nowplease:Writetothisprofessor;Introduceyourselftohim(her);Applyforastudyingpermission,Convincetheprofessorthatyouhaveareliablefinancialsupportoritisworthyforhim(her)toaffordyouaparttimejobtoimproveyourfinancialsituationifitispossible.参考：Dearprofessor:Thankyouverymuchforyourspendingafewminutesreadingthisletter.TheonlyaimthatIwritethisletteristoapplyforanopportunitytostudyforadoctor’sdegreeunderyoursupervision.IamaChinesestudent.MynameisDongfangJiang.NowIamstudyingformymaster’sdegreeinmajorautomationinNorthwesternPolytechnicalUniversitylocatedinXi’an,afamouscityintheheartsectionofPR.China.IwouldgraduateinAprilnextyear.Iamahard-workingstudent;theappendedResumecanhelpyouknowmoreaboutmeandmystudy.Myparentshavepromis