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1.organizational:a组织上的由此我们可以联想到：organize:v组织；organization:n组织；organizer:n组织者请看下列习题，选择该组词里恰当的词填空：1).Lastweek,ourschool________aspringouting.2).Thetaskcallsforthehighest_________skill.3).ChinahasjoinedWorldTrade__________.4).Heisthe__________ofthespeechcontest.Answers:organized,organizational,Organization,organizer2.objective:n目标；a客观的，反义词subjective:主观的3.predict:v预言、预示；由此我们可以联想到：prediction:n预言；predictable:a可预测的；predictor:n预言家4.simplify:v简化由此我们可以联想到：simple:a简单的；simply:ad简单地，仅仅地；simplification:n简化；simplified:a被简化的。Exercisesfortheabovewords:1).Themachineis_____inoperationbutcomplexinstructure.2).Shakespeare’sRomeoandJulietintheoriginalisbeyondourcapacitywhile____editionisquiteeasy.3).Thereisnopointinarguingaboutit,becauseitis_______aquestionofprocedure.4).The______ofworkingprocessfreedtheworkersfroheavylabor.Answers:simple;simplified;simply;simplification5.tendency:n趋势、倾向；tend:v倾向于…，tendtodosthe.g.oldpeoplehavethetendencyofgettingfatter.Oroldpeopletendtogetfatter.6.managerial:a经理的、经营上的；由此我们可以联想到：manage:v管理、经营；management:n;manager:n经营者，管理者；manageable:a可管理的、可经营的。7.argue:v争辩、争论，常用固定搭配：arguwithsbabout/oversth由于某事而同某人争论；arguesbintodoingsth说服某人做某事；arguesboutofdoingsth说服某人不要做某事。e.g.1.Theyoungcouplealwaysarguewitheachotherovertheirchild’seducation.2.Iarguedhimoutofgoingonsuchadangerousjourney.8.define:v给…下定义；definition:n定义9.profitability:n赚钱，获利由此我们可以联想到：profit:n利润；profitable:a有利可图的,有好处的；profitless:a没有利润的。1).Hehasmadea_____fromrunningasmallrestaurant.2).Thedealwas______toallofus.3).Theyvalued_______differently,whichledtodisagreementastothecorrectnessofdecision.Answer:profit,profitable;profitability.10.correctness:n正确性；字根：correct:a正确的；v纠正，correction:n纠正；incorrect:a不正确的。11.unintended:a非计划中的，由此我们可以联想到：intend:v打算，计划；intention:n；intended:a计划中的课文难句讲解、分析1.Adecisionisachoicemadefromamongalternativecoursesofactionthatareavailable.(p1)译：决策就是从几种可以选择的做法中作出选择。分析：该句是主系表结构。madefromamongalternativecoursesofactionthatareavailable是过去分词短语做定语修饰achoice;其中thatareavailable是定语从句修饰coursesofaction.像这样一环修饰一环的句子结构在英文中很普遍，因此为了看懂句子大家必须学会分析。这是整个英语学习过程中很重要的能力！2.Thereasonformakingadecisionisthataproblemexists,goalsorobjectivesarewrong,orsomethingisstandinginthewayofaccomplishingthem.(p1)译：做出决策的原因是因为存在问题，目标或目的有错误，或者有某种东西防碍着它们的实现。分析：该句又是主系表结构。That引导三个并列的表语从句，①aproblemexists，②goalsorobjectivesarewrong；③somethingisstandinginthewayofaccomplishingthem。短语：makeadecision:做出决策；standintheway:阻挡、防碍3.Oftenmanagersmustmakeabestguessatwhatthefuturewillbeandtrytoleaveaslittleaspossibletochance,butsinceuncertaintyisalwaysthere,riskaccompaniesdecisions.(p2)译：通常管理者必须对未来的情况做出最佳预测，从而使偶然性尽可能少地发生，但因为不确定性总是存在，所以决策常伴随着风险。分析：前半句是主谓宾结构。whatthefuturewillbe是at的宾语；aslittleaspossible做leave的宾语；since引导原因状语从句，相当于because.4.Ifthereisnochoice,thereisnodecisiontobemade.(p3)译：如果没有选择，就不会有决策。分析：这是一句很简单的条件状语从句，但它有一个很重要的考点：tobemade。这是动词不定式做定语修饰decision，有将来意味。比如：Thelastquestiontobediscussedtodayishowtodividetheworkamongourselves.5.Formanagers,everydecisionhasconstraintsbasedonpolicies,procedures,laws,precedents,andthelike.(p3)译：对于管理者而言，每次决策都受到政策、程序、法律以及惯例等因素制约。分析：这句话的考点是basedonpolicies,procedures,laws,precedents,andthelike。同样是过去分词短语做定语修饰constraints。其中词组：base…on以…为基础。如：ThefilmisbasedonsshortstorybyJackLondon.6.Butthetendencytosimplifyblindsthemtootheralternatives.(p4)译：但是这种简化的倾向使得他们看不到其他可供选择的方法。分析：该句主语thetendencytosimplify，谓语blinds;them是宾语。tosimplify是定语，修饰thetendency；tootheralternatives是宾补。其中短语：blindsbtosth:使…看不见…；weshouldn’tletourprejudicesblindustothefacts.7.Becauseindividuals(andorganizations)frequentlyhavedifferentideasabouthowtoattainthegoals,thebestchoicemaydependonwhomakesthedecision.(p6line4--6)译：因为个人（和组织）关于如何达到目的常有不同的观点，哪种是最优的选择可能要看是谁做出决策。分析：这是一个由because引导的原因状语从句。其中howtoattainthegoals做介词about的宾语，whomakesthedecision做介词on的宾语。8.Someoftheseobjectivesaremoreimportantthanothers,buttheorderanddegreeofimportanceoftenvaryfrompersontopersonandfromdepartmenttodepartment.(p7line2--4)译：其中有一些目标比其它的更重要，但其顺序和重要程度因人和不同的部门而异。分析：请注意比较级moreimportantthan，词组：varyfrompersontoperson译成中文：因人而异，可以推出：因季节而异varyfromseasontoseason….9.Whenpresentedwithacommoncase,salesmanagerstendtoseesalesproblems,productionmanagersseeproductionproblems,andsoon.(p7line5--7)译：当面对同一件日常事情时，销售经理倾向于看销售问题，而生产经理则会看生产相关的问题，等等。分析：前半部分为常考内容，它是when+过去分词短语，构成时间状语部分。其中词组：bepresentedwith=befacedwith当面对…Whenfacedwithdifficulties,weshouldbebrave..10.Peopleoftenassumethatadecisionisanisolatedphenomenon.(p9)译：人们经常假设一项决策是孤立的现象。分析：句子结构简单：主谓宾（从句）。其中assume:=imagine;isolated:adj孤立的。phenomenon:n现象；复数变化较特殊：phenomena1.interview:n/v采访、面试；interviewer:n采访者；interviewee:n被采访者e.g.1.Who'sthemostfamouspersonyou'veeverinterviewedonTV?2.InaTVinterviewlastnight,shedeniedshehadanyintentionofresigning.2.criticism:n批评，评论；criticize:v批评；critical:a批评的、挑剔的、关键的；critic:n评论家,请填填看。1Heisaliterary______.2Weareata_______timeinourhistory.3Hecan'ttake________.4Theboywas______byhisfatherforbeinglateforschool.Answers:critic,critical,criticism,criticized3.indifference:n冷漠、漠不关心；indifferent:a冷漠的，反义词：enthusiastic:热情的cf:different:a不同的，名词：difference;反义词：same.4.inefficiency:n无效，由此联想得到：effi