自考高级英语各类笔记汇总上册Lesson1

高级英语各类笔记汇总第1页共4页LessonOneRockSuperstars:WhatDoTheyTellUsaboutOurselvesandOurSociety背景知识（Backgroundknowledge）RockMusicAformofpopularmusicischaracterizedbyapronounced,amplifiedbeat.Electricguitarsarealmostalwaysthemaininstrumentalsoundsource.Themodemrockband'sbasicelementsareoneormorevocalists,anelectricleadguitarandbassguitaranddrums.Arhythmguitarisoftenincluded,andmanybandsalsousekeyboards.Rock-and-rollwascoinedinthemid-1950byaClevelandbroadcaster,AlanFreed,toreplacerhythm-and-blues——atermthatFreedthoughthadtoomanyracialovertones'.(Itwasbeingcalledracemusicinsomequartersatthetime.)Rhythm-and-blueswasitselfanupdated,urbanizedstylizationoftheblues,whichhadbeendevelopedmainlybyruralorcountry-orientedblackmusicians.Whenthemusicwasrenamedrock-and-roll,italsounderwentanelementalchange,particularlywhenwhiteperformerssawhoweagerlyyoungaudiencesresponded.Whitemusic——thatisessentiallyconventionalpopularmusicwithadecidedcountry-and-westernflavor——wasblendedwithrhythm-and-blues,andyoungpeoplecontinuedtoholdaproprietaryattitudeaboutit.Rockwentthroughitsshareofphasesandparticipatedinanumberofpopculturefads.课文要义（Mainideaofthetext）Theauthorfocusesonthesocialinfluencesoftherockmusicintermsofsociology.Bycontrastingdifferentattitudestowardtherockamongtheyoungandadultaudience,theauthorpointsoutthatrockisservedasanexpressionofsocialideas,andalsoprovidesadebatingstagefordifferentideas.Rock'n'rollstarsexpresstheyounggeneration'sviewpointsonvariouspoliticalandsocialproblems,andalsohelpthesocietyseeitsownbeliefsandattitudes,andexpresstheyoungmen'sfeelingsandhope.词汇(Vocabulary)1.adulation:(n.)excessiveadmirationorpraise;flatteryThemagazineisfullofthefan’sadulationoftheirfavoritepopstars.杂志上充满了歌迷对他们所喜爱的歌手的吹捧。adulate:(v.)flatterHerespectedsciencewithoutadulatingit.他尊重科学而不迷信科学。Theleadersareeasilyadulated.领导容易受逢迎.adulator(n.)=ass-kisser/apple-polisher/toad-eater溜须拍马的人2.affluent:prosperous3.ban:(v.)officiallyforbidbantheuseofnuclearweapons/chemicalweapons4.bewilderment:(n.)confusion困惑,stateofbeingconfused.Thechildwatchedthenoisycrowdinbewilderment.孩子目瞪口呆地看着嘈杂的人群。Youngpeopleusuallybewilderedbytheadultworld.年青人总是被成人世界里的事情所迷惑。bewilder:(v.)confuse[bewilder(v.)=confuse,esp.withnumerousconflictingsituations,objectsorstatement.]ThecitytrafficoftenbewilderedmewhenIwasyoung.小时候，城市交通常使我不知所措。Bigcity'strafficbewildersme.大城市的交通使我不知所措.bewildering(adj.)veryconfusing令人迷惑不解的Whatshehadsaidwasbewilderingtome.她所说的令我迷惑不解.bewildered(adj.)completelypuzzled迷惑不解Hewasbewilderedbyherquestion.他被她的问题弄得不知所措.5.baptismal(adj.)-baptism(n.)=ceremonymarkingaperson’sadmissionintotheChristianChurchbysprinklinghimwithwater.洗礼e.g.baptismoffire首次严峻的考验baptize(v.)6.celebrate:(v.)praise;honorTodayhiswordsanddeedsarecelebratedthroughouttheland.今天他的言行受到全国人民的赞颂。Thedeedsofmanyheroesarecelebratedbypoets.许多英雄的行为受到诗人的赞美。7.conceive设想，想出，想像conceiveofsth.以-ceive为词根的有conceive,perceive（理解，感知）,deceive（欺骗）Youcannotconceivehowrudeheistome.你无法想象他对我是多么粗鲁。8.clashandcrash:（押头韵alliteration）beinconflictwithsth.高级英语各类笔记汇总第2页共4页crash:gobankruptMybusinesscrashedlastyear.9.crawl:crawlingonone’sknees.acrawlingsnake,crawlingtraffic/carscreep:moveslowly,quietlyandsecretly.climb:upthetree10.crunch—scream尖叫crunch发出嘈杂声地走，嘎吱作响地走meansscreaming11.disaffection不满affectionate(adj.)12.drive:n.energy;capacitytogetthingsdoneHeisayoungmanwithbrains,driveandinitiative.他年轻，有头脑，有精力，还有进取心。Thenewheadmasterislackingindrive.新校长缺乏魄力。13.editorialize:(v.)announceeditorial（报刊）发表社论,meanspublishaeditorialtomakeremarkormakecommentaboutsomething.Allthelocalpaperseditorializedonthesubject.当地所有报纸都对这一问题发表了社论。Youtheditorializedagainstdeprivingpoorchildrenofopportunitiestobeeducated.青年报发表社论反对剥夺贫穷孩子受教育的机会。edit—editor—editorial—editorializeeditor-in-chief（主编）14.embody:(v.)expressorgivevisibleformtoideas,feelings,etc.;includeorcontainsth.体现=express表达Tome,heembodiesallthebestqualitiesofateacher.在我看来，他身上体现了教师应有的一切优秀品质。It’snecessaryfortheofficialstoembodyprinciplesinactions.对官员们来说，用行动体现原则很有必要。Wordsembodythought.文字表达思想.Doveistheembodimentofpeace.鸽子是和平的象征.Usuallyrockmusicembodiestherebellionspritoftheyoungergeneration.摇滚乐体现了年青人的反叛精神。embodiment(n.)化身15.grab(v./n.)1.takesth.byforce,capture,seize,snatchEg.Hegrabbedthebookfrommyhandandranoff.2.dosth.inahurryEg.grabanap/abreakfast16.idle(adj./v.)notactive,lazyDon’tidleawayyouryouth!worthless,senseless,meaningless,useless17.mirror:(v.)reflectasinamirrorThetreesweremirroredinthestillwaterofthelake.静静的湖水映出岸上的树木。Thedeclineinhisinfluencemirrorsadropinhisprestige.他的影响减弱反映出他的威信下降。18.misguided:misled,lost19.motion:action,behavior20.onstage（在台上）—offstage（在台后）(adj./adv.)21.piety(n.)—pious(adj.)22.pilgrim:personwhotravelstoaholyplaceasanactofreligiousdevotionpilgrimage(n.)holyjourney23.ramble(v./n.)walkforpleasurewithnospecialdestination，wander,rambler24.rebel(v./n.)—(n.)rebellion(adj.)rebellious25.reject:(v.)putaside,throwaway,asnotgoodenoughtobekept;refusetoacceptTheideathattheearthisflatwasrejectedcenturiesago.地球是扁平的理论几百年前就被否决了。Thearmydoctorsrejectedseveralrecruitsasunfit.军医拒收几名新兵，认为他们身体不合格。26.reverence(n.)gre