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Task4:Describeadvantagesofvarioustoolsortechnologiesforproperlookout.任务4：描述的各种工具和技术优势为适当的事。a)Thefeaturesofradarobservation.b)雷达观测的特点。c)Theadvantagesofvisuallookout.d)的视觉注意的优点。e)Thecorrectusesofvarioustoolsortechnologies.f)的各种工具和技术的正确使用。a.)Ifradarisfittedandoperational,includinglong-rangescanning,wecanobtainearlywarningofriskofcollisionandradarplottingorequivalentsystematicobservationofdetectedobjects.Thoughitisveryefficient,itdoeshavesuchlimitationsas:1)theconstraintsimposedbytheradarrangescaleinuse;2)thepossibilitythatsmallvessels,iceandotherfloatingobjectsmaynotbedetected;3)theeffectonradarofseastate,weatherandothersourcesofinterference,etc.a）如果雷达安装和操作，包括远程扫描，我们可以获得碰撞雷达标绘或与其相当的系统观察风险预警。虽然它是非常有效的，它有没有这样的限制：1）由雷达量程中使用的约束；2），小血管的可能性，冰和其他漂浮物可能检测不到；3）对海态雷达的影响，天气和其他干扰源，等。b.)Thevisuallookouthasthefollowingadvantages:Itisreliableandsensitivetocolor.Itiseasytoassessheadingusinghumanbrain.Itiseasytoidentifysmalltargets.Thevisuallookoutisabletoseelightconfigurations,figureouttypesofship,identifyflashinglights,seechangingweatherpatterns,seeeffectofseaonvessel,affectedbyblindsector(ifobservermovesaccordingtotheobservingposition).B.）视觉了望具有以下优点：它是可靠的和敏感的颜色。它是容易评估标题使用人类的大脑。这是很容易识别的小目标。视觉了望台可以看到灯光配置，找出类型船舶，确定闪烁的灯光，看天气变化，看到海上船舶的影响，受到影响的行业（如盲观察员将根据观察的位置）。c.)Properuseofradar,ARPARandothertechnologiesshouldbemadeduringwatch-keeping.TheworkingofRadarorotherapparatusdoesnotrelievethewatchofficersofhisdutytomaintainaproperlookoutatalltime.Marinerscannotdependonmachinestoomuch.Lookout(bridgewatch)isalwaysveryimportant,especiallyinsomepassages,insidetheportandinsomedangeroussailingareas.Delayedactionswillpossiblygiverisetobigaccidents.C）正确使用雷达，arpar和其他技术的发展应在值班了。雷达或其他装置的工作并不能免除他的责任手表官员保持在所有时间适当了望。水手不依赖于机器的太多了。了望（桥观看）一直是非常重要的，尤其是在一些段落，在港口和一些危险的航区。延迟的行为可能会导致大的事故。Unit7CommunicationatSeaIWarming-up1.Whatdoescommunicationatseamean?1。在海的意思沟通什么？Communicationbetweenvesselsandcoast-stations,intershipcommunicationandintrashipcommunication.船舶和岸台之间的通信，通信和intraship通信实习。2.Canyoulistsomemeansofcommunicationatsea?2。你可以在海上通信手段的清单吗？RadioTelephony,Satellite,DSCandRadio-Telex.无线电话，卫星，DSC和无线电报。3.Doyouknowwhat“priorities”meansinthecontextofcommunicationatsea?你知道什么是“优先权”是指在海上通信上下文？Categoriesofmessages,includingdistress,urgency,afetyandroutinemessages.类别的信息，包括窘迫，紧迫性，安全和常规信息IIReadingAloud1.WhenisVHFused?Itisusedtobridgeshortdistances.2.Whatdoes“simplex”meanhere?Speakingandlisteningcannotbedonesimultaneously.3.WhatarethedisadvantagesofVHFasmentionedinthepassage?Reception.ofradiosignalswillnotalwaysbeofhighquality,andcoveragewillnotalwaysextendtothedesiredareas.IVSpeakingPartAListening—BasedSpeakingTasksTask1:Listentothedialogueandanswerthequestionsbelow:1.Whosentthemaydaymessage?BlueWhale.2.Howmanycrewmembersareseriouslyinjured?Onecrewmember.3.WhatdoesMVBlueWhalerequire?Aboat.4.Wherewilltheymeet?Inposition50N,04W.5.Whenwilltheboatexpecttoarrive?1315UTC.6.WhatdoesMAYDAYcallingmeaninmarinecommunications?WhataboutPAN-PANandSECURITE?MAYDAYcallingmeansthereisseriousandimmediatedangerforvessel,crewandpassengers.PAN-PANcallingmeansthereisseriousdangerforvessel,crewandpassengers.SECURITEcallingmeansthereisimminnentriskfornavigation.Task2:Listenagainanddiscusswithyourpartnerthefollowingtopics:Whatcanyoufindfromthedialogueaboutthewaystotransmitdistressalerts?Andwhatelsedoyouknowabout?----RadioTelephony.----Satellite,DSCandRadio-Telex.PartBWork-placeCommunicationTaskMAYDAY,MAYDAY,MAYDAY,thisisBlueWhale,BlueWhale,BlueWhale,WXCP,WXCP,WXCP.I’minposition4704’N,5008’W.I’monfireafterexpolosiomintheengineroom.Irequirefire-fightingassiatance.Over.PartCTopicPresentationTasksTask1:Describetheproceduresofsearchandrescueoperations.a)Thewaystotransmitdistressalerts.b)Theproceduresforemergensyresponding.c)ThepatternsofsearchandthewaystoimplementaSARmission.Thereareseveralwaysforvesselindistresstotransmitdistressalerts.ThevesselindistressmaytransmitdistressalertsbyradioequipmentsorthroughINMARSATAorC,orbyEPIRB.Whenreceivingadistressalertfromothervessel,myvesselshoulddolikethefollowing:①TransmitmessageofacknowledgementandMaydayrelay.②Advisethevesselindistressoftheintentofmyvessel.③KeepalisteningwatchoncommunicationfrequencyVHFchannel16.④Maintainaproperlookoutbysightandhearingaswellasbyallotheravailablemeansappropriatetotheprevailingcircumstances.Generallyspeaking,therearefourpatternsofsearch.Theyare:expandingsquaresearch,sectorsearch,parallelsearchandship/aircraftcoordinatedsearch.Whichpatternshouldbechosendependsonthesituation.Task2:DescribebrieflytheGMDSS.a)MainobjectivesofGMDSS.b)ThecompotentsofGMDSS.c)MainfunctionsofGMDSS.GMDSSistheshortformforGlobalMaritimeDistressandSafetySystem.Itsmainobjectivesare:Tosatisfytheneedofsearchandrescueandtosatisfytheneedofcommunicationatsea.GMDSSincludesNAVTEX,EPIRB,DSC,NBDP,INMARSATA,B,C,Fandotherequipment.ThemainfunctionofGMDSSistoprovideemergencyandsafetycommunicationandtobroadcastsafetyinformationatsea.Task3:DescribebrieflytheDSCdistressalert.a)ThefunctionofDSC.b)Theformatofadistressalert.c)Summary.DSCisshortformofdigitalselectivecalling.Itis