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艾滋病的基础知识常用术语艾滋病AcquiredImmunodeficiencySyndrome,AIDS艾滋病病毒HumanImmunodeficiencyVirus,HIV艾滋病病毒感染者PeopleLivingwithHIVandAIDS,PLWHA艾滋病病人AIDSpatient艾滋病传播途径RoutesofInfection(ModesofHIVtransmission)暗娼CommercialSexWorker,CSW(UNAIDS建议使用SexWorker)不安全性行为UnsafeSex插入性性行为PenetrativeSex产后传播After-birthTransmission窗口期windowperiod毒品drugs多性伴multiplesexualpartners非插入式性交non-penetrativesex服务场所serviceplace高危行为highriskpopulation(UNAIDS建议使用keypopulationsathigherrisk)高危性行为highriskbehavior共用针具吸毒sharinginjectionequipment红丝带redribbon机会性感染opportunisticinfections,OI鸡尾酒疗法cocktailtherapy性传播sexualtransmission血液传播blood-bornetransmission免疫系统immunesystem母婴传播Mothertochildtransmission,MTCT男妓maleprostitute男用安全套malecondom女用安全套femalecondom潜伏期incubationperiod清洁针具cleanneedle全科医生generalpractitioner,GP商业性行为Commercialsex生活技能Lifeskills生殖健康Reproductivehealth世界艾滋病日WorldAIDSDay世界艾滋病行动WorldAIDScampaign,WAC双性恋Bisexuality双性性行为Bisexuality水制润滑剂K-YLubricant,KY体液Bodyfluid替代喂养replacementfeeding同伴教育peereducation同性恋Homosexuality同性性行为homosexualbehavior无偿献血volunteerblooddonation性伴侣sexualpartner性产业sexindustry性传播感染Sexuallytransmittedinfections,STI性功能障碍Sexualdysfunction性教育sexeducation性倾向sexorientation性身份认同genderidentity性行为sexbehavior血浆plasma血液制品bloodproducts血友病hemophilia义务献血compulsoryblooddonation异性恋heterosexuality异性性行为heterosexualsex易感人群susceptiblepopulation疫苗vaccine预防母婴传播preventiononmothertochildtransmission,PMTCT娱乐场所Entertainmentplace有偿采供血Paidbloodsupplement艾滋病流行病学常用术语艾滋病流行病学专题调查specificepidemiologicalinvestigation艾滋病疫情估计和预测estimateandprojectonAIDSepidemics案例分析casestudy被动检测passivesurveillance抽样sampling脆弱人群vulnerablepopulation，VP(UNAIDS建议使用MostLikelytobeexposedtoHIV)发病率incidencerate覆盖面coverage感染率prevalencerate高危人群highriskpopulation高危人群规模估计调查populationsizeestimateofhighriskgroups核心人群corepopulation绘制活动场所分布图mappingofentertainmentplaces监测surveillance流行或大流行epidemicorpandemic桥梁人群bridgepopulation哨点监测sentinelsurveillance网络直报系统web-basedreportingsystem危险行为发生率incidenceofhighriskbehavior新发感染率incidencerate行为监测behaviorsurveillance血清流行病学seroepidemiology注射吸毒injectiondruguse职业暴露occupationalexposure主动监测active/positivesurveillance综合监测comprehensivesurveillance艾滋病诊断治疗常用术语CD4+T淋巴细胞CD4+Tcount艾滋病病毒急性感染期acuteinfection-primaryHIV-1infectionstage艾滋病快速诊断试剂rapidHIV/AIDSTestingReagent艾滋病临床分期AIDSclinicalstages艾滋病慢性感染HIVchronicinfection艾滋病相关综合征AIDSrelatedcomplex,ARC病毒载量HIVviralload病毒载量测定viralloadtest单采浆plasmapheresis蛋白酶抑制剂proteaseinhibitor,PI蛋白印迹法westernblottest,WB服药依从性adherence,compliance高效抗逆转录病毒疗法Highlyactiveanti-retroviraltherapy,HAART规范化性病诊疗StandardizeddiagnosisandtreatmentofSTDS聚合酶链反应PCR抗体检测Antibodydetection抗原检测Antigendetection联合用药组合recommendedantiretroviralregimentsorcomponents梅毒syphilis梅毒血清学试验serologictestforsyphilis酶联免疫法ELISA美沙酮维持治疗methadonemaintenancetherapy,MMT耐药性drugresistance逆转录酶抑制剂NRT强制性检测mandatorytesting求医行为healthseekingbehavior确认实验室confirmationlaboratory确认试验confirmedtest筛查实验室screeninglaboratory筛查试验screeningtest实验室生物安全LaboratoryBiologysafety,LBS实验室质量保证qualityassurance，QA实验室质量控制qualitycontrol，QC实验室质量评价LaboratoryQualityAppraisement,EQA试验的敏感性sensitivity试验的特异性specificity随访followup停药drugstopping脱毒detoxification污染区contaminatedsection无症状感染期HIVpositivestage心瘾mentaladdiction性病病症处理syndromicapproachforthemanagementofsexuallytransmitteddisease样品sample,specimen药物的不良反应adversereaction药物滥用drugabuse/drugdependence一线用药方案first-lineARVregimens医源性感染Iatrogenictransmission阴道杀菌剂Vaginaantiseptic阴性对照negativecontrol中药治疗traditionalmedicinetherapy治疗失败treatmentfailure现代结核病控制策略directlyobservedtreatmentshortcourse,DOTS艾滋病干预、教育、预防常用术语419onenightstandIEC材料informationeducationcommunicationmaterial,IECmaterial艾滋病的三级预防threelevelsofpreventiononHIV/AIDS安全套社会营销condomsocialmarketing安全套推广使用condompromotion安全性行为safesex安全注射safeinjection参与式方法participativeapproach倡导advocacy大众传播masscommunication大众传媒massmedia大众教育publiceducation德尔菲法Delphimethod定量研究quantitativeresearch定性研究qualitativeresearch封闭性问题closequestion隔离isolation个案调查casesurvey个人深入访谈individualin-depthinterview,IDI健康促进healthpromotion,HP健康教育healtheducation,HE健康教育处方healtheducationprescription降低危害harmreduction交流技能communicationskills角色扮演roleplay戒断症状withdrawalsymptom开放式问题openquestion目标人群targetpopulation目标人群的参与participationoftargetpeople普遍性防护原则universalprotectionprinciple青春期教育adolescenceeducation人际传播interpersonalcommunication示范区“面对面”宣传教育“facetoface”educationcampaignonHIV/AIDS收视率audiencerating头脑风暴brainstorming外展服务outreachservice问卷调查questionnairesurvey校内教育in-schooleducation校外教育out-schooleducation信息、教育和交流information、education、communication,IEC信息网络informationnetwork行为改变干预behaviorchangeintervrntion,BCI行为改变交流behaviorchangecommunication,BCC行为干预behaviorinterview,BI以学生为中心的教育活动students-centerededucation诱导性问题leadingquestion预试验pretest知识、态度和实践/行为KAP/B知晓率awarenessrate预防性治疗preventivetreatment针具交换syringeexchange专题小组访谈focusgroupdiscussions,FGDs艾滋病人关怀、咨询、反歧视常用术语“四免一关怀”政策“fourfreeandonecare”policy,FFOCP艾滋病自愿咨询检测voluntarycounselingandtesting,VCT保密原则confidentiality暴露后评估post-exposureriskevaluation暴露后预防exposureprophylaxis边缘人群marginalizedgroups草根组织grass-rootsorganization不评判原则nonjudgmentalprinciple非言语交流nonverbalc