第三章词汇特色.

ChapterThreeCompanyLogo1.Concisewords（简洁用词）3.Newwords（新词）4.Imitationwords/Coinages（生造词）5.abbreviatedexpressions（缩略语）2.Metonymy(借代)6.Voguewords/buzzwords（时髦词）Expressionsinnewsreportshouldbebriefandconcise1.Avoidunnecessaryadj.&adv.andobservethe“brevityofthelanguage”.Themodifiers修饰语shouldbecutout.Thesewordsarecalled“redundancies”（赘词).(力求简洁，避免不必要的形容词和副词)如：(Brutal)murder(Angry)mob(Final)outcomeAsa(general)rule(Totally)destroyed(Controversial)issue2、Avoidsemanticrepeation(避免语意重复)Visible(totheeye)Clear(tothemind)Consensus(ofopinion)attendaconferenceon(theissueof)sth.Notice(thephenomenon)that…Despite(thefact)that…3.Smallwordsaremorefrequentlyusedthancomplicatedwords(多用简洁明了的常用词)About(approximately)Show(demonstrate)Fear(apprehension)Star(silversphere)Aid(assistance)Inaword,expressionsinmedianewsshouldbeappliedontheprincipleofbrevity.练习：P36-37CompanyLogowhatdoes“B”refertointhe“ABC”principle?---B:brevityofthelanguageDothefollowingexamplesobservethe“brevityofthelanguage”?eg.1.Asthetwocountriestrytoboostgrowthfurther,China'sforeignministryspokesmanHongLeisaidtheseissuescouldbeaddressedbymutualcooperation.eg.2.Sotheendresultofthelongcampaignagainstgovernmentisthatwe’vetakenadisastrouslywrongturn.eg.3.Washingtonshouldfurtherdeclarethatasageneralrule,U.S.supportwouldbepoliticalratherthanmilitary,overt（公开的）ratherthancovert.（隐藏的）Q:Isthereanycooperationthatis“alone”？Oranyresultthatdoesnotcomeoutattheend?Oranyso-calledrulethatbetraysthegenerality?Findouttheredundancies（赘词)andmakethemconcise.1.Audienceareamazedatthesurprisingwondercreatedbythemagician.2.Mr.Paterson,ofcourse,stillhastoawaitthefinaloutcomeofaseparateinquiryintowhetherheperjuredhimselfduringaninvestigationintohowhecametobegrantedticketstotheWorldSerieslastfall.3.OnlyMarinesandsecurityguardswerepresentattheembassywhentheangrymobofabout100approachedthewalls.4.ChancellorAngelaMerkelisstrugglingtofindconsensusofopiniononthefutureofGermany’snuclearplants.5.Warmgreetingsandgratefulthankstoyouallasyougathertocelebratethe50thAnniversaryoftheUnitedStatesAirForce.surprisingfinalangryofopinionwarm,gratefuleg.1.Peopleareworriedaboutthesituationofthebadfinancialcrisis.eg.2.HeisworkinghardtoimprovehisEnglishlevel.eg.3.Hewillattendaconferenceontheissueofnonproliferation.eg.4.Henoticedthephenomenonthatoilpriceisskyrocketingthesedays.Q:Ineachexample,Canyoufindtwopartsthatrefertothesamecontent?Andwhichpartcanbeomittedfortheconciseness?1.situation=thebadfinancialcrisis2.English=Englishlevel.3.theissueof=nonproliferation(防止核扩散）4.thephenomenon=thatclause1.Peopleareworriedaboutthebadfinancialcrisis.2.HeisworkinghardtoimprovehisEnglish.3.Hewillattendaconferenceonnonproliferation4.Henoticedthatoilpriceisskyrocketingthesedays.Comparedwiththeobscure晦涩的languageinliterature,thelanguageofnewsreportisearlyunderstood.newspapers---“massmedia”，itaimsatthebroadmassofthepeople.Tomakethelanguageconcise,bigandcomplicatedwordsareusuallyreplacedbysmallwords.eg.1.Therearenosilverspheresinthefirmament.Therearenostarsintheheaven.eg.2.Theinvestorlostapproximatelyamilliondollarsinthestockmarketinjusttwoweeks.approximately--aboutCompanyLogo1.TheassistanceprogrampromotedbySenatorJohnKerry,chairmanoftheForeignRelationsCommittee,promisedPakistan$7.5billionoverfiveyears,muchofitdeliveredthroughtheciviliangovernment.2.DocumentsseizedatthecompoundwhereOsamabinLadenwaskilleddemonstratethatheandhisaidesdiscussedmakingadealwithPakistaninwhichAlQaedawouldrefrainfromattackingthecountryinexchangeforprotectioninsidePakistan,AmericanofficialssaidThursday.3.DevelopingeconomiessuchasMexicoandBrazilwouldcommencereductionsaround2040-2045.4.Overtime,however,suchmarketapprehensionislikelytogiveway.Inthelongterm,afterall,democracyandindividualfreedomarethebestimpetuses（动力）ofprosperity.Assistance=aidDemonstrate=showCommence=beginApprehension=fear第二节Metonymy(借代):借用人、地、物名称（1）各国首都、大城市等地名（2）著名建筑物名称（3）政府首脑姓名替代该国或其政府及有关机构（4）某个物名来表示某个意思,这是新闻英语的独创Thecapital,thewell-knownbuildingsandthenameofthegovernmentleaderaswellareoftenusedtorefertothecountry,governmentortherelevantorganizations.Purposes：morelivelyandvividCharacteristicsforthemetonymically-usedwords:（1）Thewordsarewidelyknownwithplentifulmeaningsorconnotations(内涵丰富，广为人知)（2）Metonymymakesnewsbriefandconcise(行文简洁明快）withitsjournalismandpopularity（新闻性和通俗性）(3)Newsreportwithlivelyandvividwordsaremoreeasilygraspedandunderstood（便于理解）eg.U.S.officialssaytheObamaadministrationweighingwhethertoordertheNSAtostopspyingonleadersofAmericanallies.CaliforniaDemocratDianneFeinstein,whochairstheSenateIntelligenceCommittee参议院情报委员会,issuedastatementMondaysayingshewasinformedbytheWhiteHousethatcollectiononourallieswillnotcontinue.Butadministrationofficialslaterstressedthatafinaldecisiononthematterhasnotbeenmade.Q:Inthisexample,twoexpressionsareusedheretorefertoU.S.government.Canyouspotthem?Howcanyourecognizethem?ArethereanyrelationsbetweenthesetwoexpressionsandtheU.S.government?1.theObamaadministration,2.theWhiteHouseAmericangovernment=WhiteHouse,WashingtonChinesegovernment?e