英文浅谈葡萄酒

扩充知识：WineVarieties葡萄酒种类：（Bywinemakingprocess按工艺分）SPARKLINGWINE气泡葡萄酒Champagne香槟Cava加瓦OtherSparklingwines其他气泡酒STILLWINE静态葡萄酒Red红葡萄酒White白葡萄酒Rose桃红葡萄酒FORTIFIEDWINE加强葡萄酒Port/Sherry钵酒/雪利酒WineVarieties葡萄酒种类：（Byservicesequence按用餐顺序分）Beginningofthemeal餐前Sugar糖份Alcohol酒精Low低Aperitif（Drysherry/Champagne/LightdryWhite）Low低餐前开胃酒（干性雪利/香槟/清淡干白葡萄酒）TableWine(Red,White,Rose…)佐餐酒（红/白/玫瑰红）DessertWine(Botrytis,Icewine,Port,LateHarvest…)甜酒（贵腐甜白，冰酒，钵酒，迟采半甜…）High高Digestive(Brandy,Liquors,Grappa…)High高消化酒（白兰地，利口酒，果渣酒…)Endofthemeal餐后MostCommonWineVarietals主要葡萄品种8,000grapevarietiesknownintheworld世界上目前已知的葡萄品种有8000种1,000grapevarietiesusedforwinearoundtheworld世界上大约有1000种葡萄被制成葡萄酒200traditionallyusedinItaly意大利大约使用200种葡萄100traditionallyusedinFrance法国大约使用100种葡萄50traditionallyusedinSpain西班牙大约使用50种葡萄Grapevariety,amajorfactorinthetasteofawine不同的葡萄品种，是影响葡萄酒品尝的主要因素Whitevarietals白葡萄品种Chardonnay/莎当妮SauvignonBlanc/白苏维翁Riesling/雷司令Gewuztraminer/格乌兹塔米内PinotGrigio/灰皮诺Viognier/维奥妮Redvarietals红葡萄品种CabernetSauvignon/卡本尼苏维翁Merlot/梅洛CabernetFranc卡本尼弗朗Shiraz(Syrah)/设拉子PinotNoir/黑皮诺Sangiovese/桑吉奥维谢Nebbiolo/内比奥罗Zinfandel/仙芬黛Tempranillo/泰普妮洛土壤沙质土sand(质淡，葡萄成熟醇化速度较快）白垩土chalk(多样化，高贵品种）砾石gravel(品质佳，质地出色）黏土clay(坚实，浓厚）最重要的一个因素是土壤的排水性最差的土壤最有利于葡萄树的生长，“葡萄树生长最好的地方是什么都不能长的地方”。气候热能Heat(平均夏季不高于19.c,冬季不低于-1.c)光照Sunshine（影响果皮颜色）降雨量Rainfall（最好分配在春季和冬季）OldWorld旧世界-France法国-Italy意大利-Spain西班牙-Germany德国-Portugal葡萄牙-Greece希腊-Hungary匈牙利-Lebanon黎巴嫩-Moldovia摩尔多万NewWorld新世界-USA美国-Canada加拿大-Chile智利-Argentina阿根廷-Australia澳大利亚-NewZealand新西兰-SouthAfrica南非-China中国扩展阅读：加利弗尼亚主要产酒区（新世界）WinemakingHistory:ThefirstCalifornianwinewasmadein1782,butitwasnotuntilthe1830’sthatcommercialwinemakingbegan.Phylloxera,aroot-feedinginsect,devastatedtheCaliforniavineyardsattheturnoftheCentury,andtheindustrywasfurtherstruckbytheProhibitionmovementintheUSoftheearly1900’s.Bythe1950’showevertheindustrywasbackonitsfeet,andmakingink-black,tannicCabernetSauvignonblockbusters.Today,CaliforniaisthemostestablishedoftheNewWorldwineregions.2002ProductionVolume:230millioncasesChinaShareofImports-2002:16%MainWineStyles/Grapes:Cabernet/Merlot/ZinfandelChardonnay/SauvignonBlancMajorWineBrands:DelicatoMondaviBeringer澳大利亚主要产酒区（新世界）WinemakingHistory:WinemakinginAustraliagoesbackto1788,withwinemakingculturecarriedfromEuropetoAustraliabytheimmigrantpopulation.Australianwinewasrevolutionizedinthe1950’swiththedevelopmentofPenfoldsGrange,asuper-richShirazthatrivalsthegreatPremierGrandCruwinesofBordeaux.SincethattimeAustralianwinehasdevelopedtobecomeoneofthemostpopularwineregionsaroundtheWorld.2002ProductionVolume:95millioncasesShareofChinaImports-2002:18.4%MainWineStyles/Grapes:Shiraz/Cabernet/MerlotChardonnay/SemillonMajorWineBrands:LindemansPenfoldsd’Arenberg智利主要产酒区（新世界）CHILEASnapshot-FactsandFiguresWinemakingHistory:Chile’swinemakingbeganinthemid-1800’s,andinthesecondhalfofthe20thCenturyithasbeenastoryofarapiddrivetoimprovequality.ThisdrivehadbeenledbycompaniessuchasConchayToro,whohaveinvestedinmodernvinificationequipmentandsystems,Frenchoakbarrels,commitmentstoloweryields,andoverallbetterfruitquality.TodayChilehasestablisheditselfasareliableproducerofexcellentvaluewinesnotonlyatentrylevelbutalsoatmid-rangeandpremiumpricepoints.2002ProductionVolume:53millioncasesShareofChinaImports-2002:1.5%MainWineStyles/Grapes:Cabernet/Merlot/CarmenereChardonnay/SauvignonBlancMajorWineBrands:ConchayToroLosVascos,un:'yes'MajorWineBrands:DelicatoMondaviBeringer澳大利亚主要产酒区（新世界）WinemakingHistory:WinemakinginAustraliagoesbackto1788,withwinemakingculturecarriedfromEuropetoAustraliabytheimmigrantpopulation.Australianwinewasrevolutionizedinthe1950’swiththedevelopmentofPenfoldsGrange,asuper-richShirazthatrivalsthegreatPremierGrandCruwinesofBordeaux.SincethattimeAustralianwinehasdevelopedtobecomeoneofthemostpopularwineregionsaroundtheWorld.2002ProductionVolume:95millioncasesShareofChinaImports-2002:18.4%MainWineStyles/Grapes:Shiraz/Cabernet/MerlotChardonnay/SemillonMajorWineBrands:LindemansPenfoldsd’Arenberg智利主要产酒区（新世界）CHILEASnapshot-FactsandFiguresWinemakingHistory:Chile’swinemakingbeganinthemid-1800’s,andinthesecondhalfofthe20thCenturyithasbeenastoryofarapiddrivetoimprovequality.ThisdrivehadbeenledbycompaniessuchasConchayToro,whohaveinvestedinmodernvinificationequipmentandsystems,Frenchoakbarrels,commitmentstoloweryields,andoverallbetterfruitquality.TodayChilehasestablisheditselfasareliableproducerofexcellentvaluewinesnotonlyatentrylevelbutalsoatmid-rangeandpremiumpricepoints.2002ProductionVolume:53millioncasesShareofChinaImports-2002:1.5%MainWineStyles/Grapes:Cabernet/Merlot/CarmenereChardonnay/SauvignonBlancMajorWineBrands:ConchayToroLosVascos,un:'yes'MajorWineBrands:DelicatoMondaviBeringer澳大利亚主要产酒区（新世界）WinemakingHistory:WinemakinginAustraliagoesbackto1788,withwinemakingculturecarriedfromEuropetoAustraliabytheimmigrantpopulation.Australianwinewasrevolutionizedinthe1950’swiththedevelopmentofPenfoldsGrange,asuper-richShirazthatrivalsthegreatPremierGrandCruwinesofBordeaux.SincethattimeAustralianwinehasdevelopedtobecomeoneofthemostpopularwineregionsaro