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第十二章桩基础-单桩Chapter12Pilefoundation-singlepiles301.Piles桩pilecap桩帽piles桩softclay软粘土sand砂土rakerpile斜桩batterpile斜桩302.Vibrations振动tanks贮罐silos筒仓chimneys烟囱machinefoundations机器基础sand砂土groundwater地下水303.Examplesofpilefoundations桩基础的例子compactionpiles压实桩rakedpiles斜桩dampingofpiles桩的阻尼smalldamping小阻尼vibrations振动304.Stabilityofbridgeabutment桥墩的稳定性softclay软粘土fill填土bridgeabutment桥墩305.Embankmentpiles路堤桩softclay软粘土rakedpiles斜桩bridgeabutment桥墩fill填土306.Anchorpilesfordrydocks，subwaystations干船坞或地铁车站下的锚桩groundwater地下水up-lift上浮力anchorpiles锚桩307.Offshorestructuresonpiles桩支撑的离岸结构物cyclicloading循环荷载scour冲刺compression压缩steelpipepiles钢管桩tensionforce拉力308.Stabilisationofslopebypiles边坡用桩稳定slopestability边坡稳定性largediameterpile大直径桩steelpipepiles钢管桩failuresurface破坏面309.Designofembankmentpiles路堤桩的设计failuresurface破坏面clay粘土precastpiles预制桩310.Anchorpilesinswellingsoil膨胀土中的锚桩seasonalchanges季节性变化swellingclay膨胀性粘土montmorillonite蒙脱石highliquidlimit高液限highplasticityindex高塑性指数building建筑物311.Examplesofpiletypes桩型应用的例子drivenpiles打入桩boredpiles钻孔桩jacked-downpiles静压桩screwpiles螺旋桩hydraulicjack液压桩312.Pilesfoundations桩基础concretepile混凝土桩steelpile钢桩timber木桩HpileH型桩313.Pilestypes桩型largedisplacementpiles大量挤土桩smalldisplacementpiles少量挤土桩non-displacementpiles非挤土桩boredpiles钻孔桩precastpiles预制桩pipepiles管桩cased有套管uncased无套管boxpiles箱形桩drivencast-in-placepiles沉管灌注桩314.Loadingconditionsofpiles桩的荷载情况compression受压lateralload受侧向荷载tension受拉315.Loadtransfertopiles桩的荷载传递frictionorfloatingpiles摩擦桩或悬浮桩endbearingpiles端承桩clay粘土sand砂土rock岩石316.Timberpiles木桩advantages优点difficulties难点limitbearingcapacity极限承载力softclay软粘土tip桩尖shaft桩身groundwater地下水butt桩顶marineborers海生木蛀虫317.Pilesplices桩的连接steelsleeve钢套steelstrap钢板条318.Splicesandrockpoints桩的连接和入岩桩尖rockpoint入岩桩尖319.Precastconcretepiles预制混凝土桩point桩尖concrete混凝土reinforcement加筋pilediameter桩径shoe桩靴320.Liftingofpiles桩的吊装pilelength桩长liftinghooks吊钩moment弯矩321.Prestressedconcretepiles预应力混凝土桩heightstrengthconcrete高强混凝土brittle脆性reducedcracking减少裂缝reducedductility延展性差322.Concretestrength（CP2004）混凝土强度（CP2004）cubestrength立方体强度harddriving难以打入normaltoeasydriving从正常到易于打入highcapacity承载力高reducedweight重量减轻easydriving易于打入323.Installationofjacked-downpiles静压桩的成桩pump泵manometer压力计steelinsert钢垫片hydraulicjack液压千斤顶pilesegment桩段324.Boredpiles钻孔桩auger螺旋钻reinforcement钢筋笼tremmiepipe导管concreting灌注混凝土325.Examplesofboredpiles钻孔灌注桩的例子boredpiles钻孔桩drillingofshaft桩孔钻进drillingofbell扩大头钻进concrete混凝土stiffclay硬粘土reinforcement钢筋笼326.Boredpileswithbell有支盘的钻孔桩bells支盘327.Cast-in-placepiles就地灌注桩casing钢管桩driving打（桩）casingfilledwithwater套管充水casingfilledwithconcrete套管中灌注混凝土reinforcement钢筋笼328.Neckingduringcastingofpileshaftinsoftclay软粘土中灌注桩身混凝土时发生缩径casing套管softclay软粘土sandorsilt砂土或粉土groundwater地下水329.Slurrytrenchwallconstruction泥浆连续墙施工groundwater地下水surfacecasing地下护筒bentoniteslurry膨润土泥浆chisel冲抓pouringofconcrete灌注混凝土loweringofreinforcementelement下放钢筋笼330.Shapesofslurrytrenchpileelements泥浆护壁类桩型的形状size尺寸331.Raymondsteptaperedpile雷蒙特锥形桩steelshell钢壳steelcore钢芯lightbulb小球体reinforcementcage钢筋笼castingofconcrete灌注混凝土332.Frankipile弗兰基桩concreteplug混凝土塞bulb球形物internalhammer内夯桩prefabricated[pri:'fæbrikeitid]shaft预制桩身lightcasing薄壁套管333.SteelH-pipeH-型钢桩easytodrive易于打入easytocut易于切断corrosion[kə'rəuʒən]腐蚀expensive昂贵splicing分段连接soilplug土塞drivingshoe桩靴steelplate钢板wielding焊接334.Steelpipepiles钢管桩diameter直径closedoropenended闭口或开口soilplug土塞diameter直径335.Corrosion腐蚀steelpiles钢桩concretepiles混凝土桩NationalBureau['bjuərəu]ofStandards国家标准局splices连接reinforcement钢筋saltwater海水resistivity电阻系数saltwater海水encasedinconcrete做混凝土外壳cathodic[kə'θɔdik]protection阴极保护painting涂刷epoxy[ep'ɔksi]环氧树脂336.Settlementaroundduringdrivinginsand砂土中沉桩时桩周土发生沉降settlement沉降diameter直径compactionwithinthiszone在此范围内压实337.Effectofpiledrivinginclay粘土中打桩的影响softclay软粘土heave隆起volume体积remouldedzone重塑区porewaterpressure孔隙水压力undrainedshearstrength不排水抗剪强度338.Redrivingofpilesinclay粘性土中桩的复打risenpiles上抬的桩redriving复打heave隆起softclay软粘土separationofsplice接桩处脱开339.Loaddistributionalongpile荷载沿桩身的分布sand砂土clay粘土pointresistance桩尖阻力shaftresistance桩侧阻力340.Pileloadasfunctionofpiledisplacement桩荷载为桩位移的函数load荷载displacement位移softclay软粘土stiffclay硬粘土sand砂土castinplacepile就地灌注桩drivenpile打入桩withbell有大头341.Loaddeformationrelationshipofpiles桩的荷载与变形的关系pileload桩荷载displacement位移pointresistance端阻力skinresistance表面摩阻力/桩周阻力342.Directionofpileloading桩承受荷载的方向compression受压tension受拉weightofpile桩的自重factorofsafety安全系数allowableload容许荷载pointresistance端阻力shaftresistance侧阻力343.Determinationofbearingcapacityatpilepoint桩端承载力的确定endbearing端承力undrainedshearstrength不排水抗剪强度bearingcapacityfactor承载力系数344.PilebearingcapacityaccordingtoMeyerhof梅耶霍夫对桩的承载力的计算frictionangle摩擦角bearingcapacityfactor承载力系数345.Bearingcapacityfactorofpiles桩的承载力系数Terzaghi太沙基（人名）Berezantsev别列赞采夫（人名）Meyerhof梅耶霍夫（人名）Vesic维西克（人名）BrinchHansen勃林奇·汉森（人名）Debeer德皮尔（人名）frictionangle摩擦角346.Failuremechanismatpilepoint桩端的破坏机理pointresistance端阻力rigidityindex刚度指数failuresurface破坏面compressibility可压缩性347.Comparisonofconeresistanceandpilepointresistance圆锥贯入阻力与桩端阻力的比较areaofpile桩的截面积sand砂土348.ComparisonofSPTN-valueandpilepointresistance标准贯入试验N值与桩端阻力的比较SPT标准贯入试验sand砂土