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汉英翻译基础教程第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译........................................2第二章词法翻译的一般技巧.......................................4第三章名词的抽象和具体译法.....................................9第四章动词的翻译...............................................11第五章数词和冠词的翻译........................................12第六章成语的英译...............................................13第七章修辞格的翻译..............................................17笫八章文化词语的翻译..........................................19第九章汉英句子比较与翻译.....................................20第十章换序和转态译法..........................................23笫十一章断句合句译法..........................................25笫十二章长句的翻译.............................................27第十四章汉英语篇比较与翻译...................................29第十五章风格与翻译.............................................30第十六章语用与翻译.............................................32第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译第一节翻译中的选义一、结合语境选择较贴切的译文1.b2.a3.b4.a二、译出下列词语，注意词语的不同搭配1．aswarmofbeesabroodofchickensalitterofpups2.abevyofbeautifulladiesapackofhoundsateamofducksaherdofantelopes3.unfailingsupportproactivefiscalpolicymakeeffectiveuseofoverseasresources4.makeaphonecalltakeataxiknitawoolensweaterfetchwaterplaybasketballsprayinsecticide5.basicwagecapitalconstructionessentialcommodityprimaryindustryfundamentalinterest三、翻译下列句子，注意画线词语的理解1.Thetwoleadersexchangedviewsonbilateralrelationsandissuesofcommonconcern2.Partymembersshouldlistencarefullytotheopinionsofthegeneralpublic.3.Theyofferedsomesuggestionsfortherevisionoftheplan.4.Everyonecomplainedagainstsuchapractice.5.Theyhadadisputeatthemeeting.6.Youshouldfollowthedoctor'sadvice.7.Theyreachedaconsensusonthisissue.8.Thereisstillsomeunfinishedbusinesstosettle.9.Wehaveconsultedhimaboutthematter.10.Pleasegoback.Thereisnothingofyourconcernnow第二节翻译中的选词一、翻译下列各句，注意词的选择和搭配。1.Thatdependsuponcircumstances.2.Thisstateofaffairsmustbechanged.3.Howdomattersstandwiththem?4.Hepresentsallhisbookstothelibrary5.Ateachershoulddevotehimselftothecauseofeducation.6.Thecommitteeconsistsof15members.7.Airismadeupofamixtureofgases.8.Goinforrigoroustrainingandsetstrict³ömand.二、翻译下列词组，注意词汇的搭配方式。1．setsail2.openquotation3.thebeginningofspring4.gointooperation5．betakenin6.makeprogress7.distinguishedguests8.beonduty三、翻译下列各句，注意汉语中词汇的词义范围。1.Itrainedcatsanddogs(hard/heavily)threedaysonend(insuccession/running).2.Helikestalkingbig(talkinglarge/talkinghorse/talkingtall)/helikessayingbigwords(largewords).3.Theyaregivingtheclassroomagood(general/spring/through)clean(ing).4.Apersonlikehimisbynomeans(innoway/onnoaccount/never/notabsolutely)rare.5.Weshouldgoinforindustryinabigwayinaccordancewithyoursuggestion.6.Ifyoudoitlikethat,you'llbecompletely(gravely/seriously)mistaken(beabsolutelywrong/makeabigmistake/makeamajorblunder/commitaverygrosserror).第三节翻译中的多样性一、翻译下列句子，注意画线词的多样性译法。1.Itsoundsasifthetwoofyouarealwaysofonemind,”SecondSisterchuckled,Howwoulditbeifweweretobetrothyoutohim?2.Throughclenchedteethheadded,...3.Sheboremenogrudge,repliedXifeng.ItwasBaoyuwhomadehergrindherteethwithragejustbeforeshedied.4.ButafterherinitialfrightXifengputonaboldface.Ifshe'sdead,sheretorted,What'sallthefussabout?二、翻译下列句子，注意画线部分的成语。1.Themoreyouget,themoreyouwant.2.It’sonlynaturalformantohankerformore.3.Goodnessknowswhatthey'rebeingsosecretiveabout.4.She'sbeencreepinginherethelastcoupleofdaysinaverysneakyway.Goodnessknowswhatshe'supto.5.Whotoldyoutomakesuchafussovernothing?6.Anythingwilldo;don'tfuss.7.Ourgrandmaisill;don'tkickupsuchashindy.(口语：吵架。争吵，打架)8.Whenothersheardthistheycommented,“Wethoughtitwassomeonewhomatteredisn'tworthmakingsuchafussabout.”第二章词法翻译的一般技巧第一节对等译法一、翻译下面的句子，注意搭配产生的“假朋友”1.afaithfulChristian2.alovingparent3.anobedientchild4.avirtuouswife5.adutifulhusband6.ahardworkingstudent7.strongwind8.thickfog9heavyrain二、翻译下列句子，注意不顾语境而产生的“假朋友”。1.Onlywhentheyfindmuchncommonandhopetokeepintouchlateron,willtheyoffertheircards.(注意不要把“投机”翻译成speculative)2.Anotherexample.ThereadingofChineseclassicsisamustforallChinese.Nevertheless,itwasnotuntilIwasover30thatIcametorealizetheimportanceofself-studyinthematterofclassics.3.Dearyoungfriends,myadvicetoyouis:Dophysicalexercisesperseveringly.Thathasnothingtodowithmerry-makingortime-wasting.Goodhealthisthewherewithalforasuccessfullifeandcareer.三、用对等译法，翻译下列成语。1.fishintroubledwaters2.beafterone'sownheart3.skinandbones4.touchandgo5.hitthenailonthehead6.beheadandshouldersaboveothers7.turnadeafearto8.burnone'sboat9.turnablindeyeto10.lookforaneedleinabundleofhay四、用对等译法，翻译下列谚语。1.Practicemakesperfect.2.Morehaste,lessspeed.3.Eastorwest,homeisbest.4.Allisfishthatcomestothenet.5.Everythingcomestohimwhowaits6.Themoonisnotseenwhenthesunshines7.Lookbeforeyouleap.8.Thereisnosmokewithoutfire.第二节增词译法一、翻译下列句子，注意增补冠词1.Evenachildcananswerthisquestion.2.Thisistheheadofourdelegation3.Heputthepaperasideandturnedontheradio.4.TheChinesepeopleareindustriousandbrave.5.Wemusthavefaithinthemasses.6.ThecompasswasinventedinChina7.Themoonmovesaroundtheearth.二、翻译下列句子，注意增补代词。1.Handinyourexercise-books,please.2.Ican'texpressmyselfinEnglish.3.Liberalismmanifestsitselfinvariousways.4.Don'toverworkyourself.5.Iwishtoavailmyse