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2003年1月试卷PassageOneQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.BillGates,thebillionaireMicrosoftchairmanwithoutasingleearneduniversitydegree,isbyhissuccessraisingnewdoubtsabouttheworthofthebusinessworld’sfavoriteacademictitle:theMBA(MasterofBusinessAdministration).TheMBA,a20th-centuryproduct,alwayshasbornethemarkoflowlycommerceandgreed(贪婪)onthetree-linedcampusesruledbypurerdisciplinessuchasphilosophyandliterature.Butevenwiththerecessionapparentlycuttingintothehiringofbusinessschoolgraduates,about79,000peopleareexpectedtoreceiveMBAsin1993.Thisisnearly16timesthenumberofbusinessgraduatesin1960,atestimonytothewidespreadassumptionthattheMBAisvitalforyoungmenandwomenwhowanttoruncompaniessomeday.“Ifyouaregoingintothecorporateworlditisstilladisadvantagenottohaveone,”saidDonaldMorrison,professorofmarketingandmanagementscience.“Butinthelastfiveyearsorso,whensomeonesays,‘ShouldIattempttogetanMBA,’theansweralotmoreis:Itdepends.”ThesuccessofBillGatesandothernon-MBAs,suchasthelateSamWaltonofWal-MartStoresInc.,hashelpedinspireself-consciousdebatesonbusinessschoolcampusesovertheworthofabusinessdegreeandwhethermanagementskillscanbetaught.TheHarvardBusinessReviewprintedalively,fictionalexchangeofletterstodramatizecomplaintsaboutbusinessdegreeholders.ThearticlecalledMBAhires“extremelydisappointing”andsaid“MBAswanttomoveuptoofast,theydon’tunderstandpoliticsandpeople,andtheyaren’tabletofunctionaspartofateamuntiltheirthirdyear.Butbythen,they’reoutlookingforotherjobs.”Theproblem,mostparticipantsinthedebateacknowledge,isthattheMBAhasacquiredanaura(光环)offuturerichesandpowerfarbeyonditsactualimportanceandusefulness.Enrollmentinbusinessschoolsexplodedinthe1970sand1980sandcreatedtheassumptionthatnoonewhopursuedabusinesscareercoulddowithoutone.Thegrowthwasfueledbyabacklash(反冲)againsttheanti-businessvaluesofthe1960sandbythewomen’smovement.BusinesspeoplewhohavehiredorworkedwithMBAssaythosewiththedegreesoftenknowhowtoanalyzesystemsbutarenotsoskillfulatmotivatingpeople.“Theydon’tgetalotofgroundinginthepeoplesideofthebusiness,”saidJamesShaffer,vice-presidentandprincipaloftheTowersPerrinmanagementconsultingfirm.21.AccordingtoParagraph2,whatisthegeneralattitudetowardsbusinessoncampusesdominatedbypurerdisciplines?A)ScornfulC)Envious.B)Appreciative.D)Realistic.22.ItseemsthatthecontroversyoverthevalueofMBAdegreeshasbeenfueledmainlyby______.A)thecomplaintsfromvariousemployersB)thesuccessofmanynon-MBAsC)thecriticismfromthescientistsofpurerdisciplinesD)thepoorperformanceofMBAsatwork23.WhatisthemajorweaknessofMBAholdersaccordingtoTheHarvardBusinessReview?A)Theyareusuallyserf-centered.B)Theyareaggressiveandgreedy.C)Theykeepcomplainingabouttheirjobs.D)Theyarenotgoodatdealingwithpeople.24.FromthepassageweknowthatmostMBAs_______.A)canclimbthecorporateladderfairlyquicklyB)quittheirjobsoncetheyarefamiliarwiththeirworkmatesC)receivesalariesthatdonotmatchtheirprofessionaltrainingD)cherishunrealisticexpectationsabouttheirfuture25.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A)WhythereisanincreasedenrollmentinMBAprograms.B)ThenecessityofreformingMBAprogramsinbusinessschools.C)DoubtsabouttheworthofholdinganMBAdegree.D)Adebateheldrecentlyonuniversitycampuses.PassageTwoQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.WhenschoolofficialsinKalkaska,Michigan,closedclasseslastweek,themediaflockedtothestory,portrayingthetown’s2,305studentsasvictimsofstingy(吝啬的)taxpayers.Thereissometruthtothat;theproperty-taxratehereisone-thirdlowerthanthestateaverage.ButshuttingtheirschoolsalsoallowedKalkaska’seducatorsandthestate’slargestteachers’union,theMichiganEducationAssociation,tomakeapoliticalpoint.TheiraimwastospurpassageoflegislationMichiganlawmakersaredebatingtoincreasethestate’sshareofschoolfunding.ItwasnocoincidencethatKalkaskashutitsschoolstwoweeksafterresidentsrejecteda28percentproperty-taxincrease.Theschoolboardarguedthatwithouttheincreaseitlackedthe$1.5millionneededtokeepschoolsopen.Buttheschoolsystemhadnotdoneallitcouldtokeeptheschoolsopen.Officialsdeclinedtoborrowagainstnextyear’sstateaid,theyrefusedtotrimextracurricularactivitiesandtheydidnotconsiderseekingasmaller—perhapsmoreacceptable—taxincrease.Infact,closingearlyiscostingKalkaskaasignificantamount,including$600,000inunemploymentpaymentstoteachersandstaffand$250,000inloststateaid.InFebruary,theschoolsystempromisedteachersandstafftwomonthsofretirementpaymentsincaseschoolsclosedearly,adealthatwillcostthedistrict$275,000more.Othersignssuggestschoolauthoritieswereatleastaseagertomakeapoliticalstatementastokeepschoolsopen.TheMichiganEducationAssociationhiredapublicrelationsfirmtostagearallymarkingtheschoolclosings,whichattracted14localandnationaltelevisionstationsandnetworks.ThepresidentoftheNationalEducationAssociation,theMEA’sparentorganization,flewfromWashington,D.C.,fortheevent.Andtheuniontutoredschoolofficialsintheartoftelevisioninterviews.SchoolsupervisorDoyleDisbrowacknowledgesthedistrictcouldhavekeptschoolsopenbycuttingprogramsbutdeniesthemoveswerepoliticallymotivated.Michiganlawmakershavereactedangrilytotheclosings.ThestateSe