英语写作专题训练过渡词

英语写作专题训练——过渡词一.教学内容：英语写作专题训练——过渡词众所周知，要写出清晰流畅的文章，需要把文章中各部分巧妙地连接在一起。这样可使文章自然而别致，并能层层展开主题句，完整地表达中心思想。而过渡词（TransitionalWords）是连接这些部分的纽带。过渡词是一种关系指引词，一般由副词或起副词作用的短语承担。此外，代词、连词、上下文的近义词等也可作过渡词。过渡词能使文章启、承、转、合，融会贯通，连成一体。一、过渡词的分类1.根据意思和作用的不同，过渡词可以分为以下十五类：（1）表并列关系的过渡词:and,also，aswell,aswellas，or,too,notonly…butalso,both…and,either…or,neither…nor（2）表递进关系的过渡词:besides,inaddition（加之，除……之外）,moreover(此外，而且),what’smore，what’sworse（3）表转折对比的过渡词：but,however,yet,instead,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,although,differentfrom,despite,inspiteof,whereas,unlike,nevertheless,notonly…butalso,here…there,yearsago…today,this…that,theformer…thelatter,then…now,thefirst…whereasthesecond,once…now,ontheonehand…ontheotherhand,some…others（4）表原因的过渡词:because,becauseof,since,as,for,nowthat,thanksto,dueto（由于）（5）表结果的过渡词:so,thus,therefore,asaresult,sothat,then,thereby,hence,so…that,such…that（6）表条件的过渡词:if,unless,onconditionthat,as/solongas（7）表时间的过渡词:when,while,after,before,until,assoonas,later,afterwards,soon,lately,recently,since,fromthenon,eventually,inthemeantime,then,suddenly,atthesametime,next,earlythismorning/year/century,afterawhile,inafewdays,now,presently,finally,atlast,allofasudden,fromnowon,atpresent,immediately,themoment（8）表特定的顺序关系的过渡词:first,firstly,second,secondly,third,thirdly,aboveall,firstofall,then,next,finally,intheend,atlast,afterward(s)（后来）,meanwhile（几乎同时）,thereafter（在那以后）,last,finally,eventually（终于）（9）表换一种方式表达的过渡词:inotherwords,thatistosay,toputitanotherway（10）表进行举例说明的过渡词:forinstance,forexample,like,suchas（11）表陈述事实的过渡词:infact,actually,asamatteroffact,totellyouthetruth（12）表强调的过渡词:certainly,indeed,aboveall,surely,mostimportant,infact,nodoubt,withoutanydoubt,truly,obviously（13）表比较的过渡词：like,unlike,inthesameway,similarly,similarto（14）表目的的过渡词：forthisreason,forthispurpose,sothat,inorderto,soasto（15）表总结的过渡词:inaword(总之，简言之),ingeneral,inshort(总之),aboveall,afterall,generallyspeaking,tosumup,finally,inconclusion,atlast,insummary2.文章段落之间的逻辑关系主要由过渡词来完成，在修辞中称为启、承、转、合。“启”就是开头,“承”是承接，“转”是转折，“合”是综合或总结。（1）用于“启”的过渡词语用于表示“启”的过渡词或过渡性的语句通常用在段落或文章的开头：first,firstofall,atfirst,inthefirstplace,firstly,tobeingwith,tostartwith,recently,now,atpresent,inrecentyears,ingeneral,generallyspeaking,atpresent,lately,currently,Itisoftensaidthat…,Astheproverbsays…,Itgoeswithoutsayingthat…,Itisclear/obviousthat…,Manypeopleoftenask…（2）用于“承”的过渡词语表示“承”的过渡词或过渡性的语句通常用在段落中的第一个扩展句中：second,similarly,inaddition,besides,then,furthermore,moreover,whatismore,whatisworse,forexample,forinstance,certainly,surely,obviously,inotherwords,especially,particularly,inparticular,indeed,still,third,truly,infact,atthesametime,nodoubt，Itistruethat…,Everybodyknowsthat…,Itcanbeeasilyprovedthat…,Noonecandenythat…Thereasonwhy…isthat…,Thereisnodoubtthat…,Totake…foranexample(instance)…,Weknowthat…,Whatismoreseriousisthat…（3）用于“转”的过渡词语用于“转”的过渡词或过渡性的语句通常用在段落中的第二个扩展句中：but,however,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,incontrast,inanycase,atanyrate,nevertheless(虽然如此),otherwise,or,orelse,while,whereas,but,despite,inspiteof...,yet,instead,Idonotbelievethat…,Perhapsyou’llaskwhy…Thismaybetrue,butwestillhaveaproblemwithregardto…,Thoughweareinbasicagreementwith…,yetdifferenceswillbefound,That’swhyIfeelthat…（4）用于“合”的过渡词语用于“合”的过渡词或过渡性的语句通常用在段落的结论句或文章的结论段中：inaword,ingeneral,inshort,aboveall,afterall,generallyspeaking，tosumup,finally,inconclusion,atlast,insummary,therefore,asaresult,aboveall,thus，afterall(毕竟),eventually,hence,inshort,inconclusion,inaword,insum,onthewhole(就整体而言),tosumupFromthispointofview…Onaccountofthiswecanfindthat…Theresultisdependenton…Thus,thisisthereasonwhywemust…二、过渡词的应用有的学生在作文中使用过多简单句，成了简单句堆砌；有的写复杂句时，动辄用so，and，then，but，or，however，yet等非但达不到丰富表达方式的目的，反而使句子结构松散、呆板。为了避免这种现象，可以通过使用不同的过渡词,不仅能够丰富句型，而且还能够把思想表达得更清楚，意义更连贯。例如：1.学生习作TVandwebsiteTVandwebsitearepopularmedia.Theyhavesomethingincommon.Bothofthemmakemoneyfromads.Websitesalsohavedifferentsections.Youmaychoosetheoneyouaremostinterestedin.Theyaredifferentinmanyways.MovingpicturesareshownonTVwithsoundandinterpretation.Itmakesyoufeelthatyouarejustonthespot.Theprogramschangeeveryday.ProfessionalTVreportersdothereportforTV.Someinformationonwebsiteschangeallthetime.Notallofitissoupdated.Everybodycanwritearticlesforwebsitesratherthanprofessionalreporter.Everymediumhasitsownfeatures.Itishardtosaywhichisbetter.这段文字用简单句表达，它们之间内在的逻辑关系含糊不清，意思支离破碎。如果使用过渡词，将单句与其前后合并，形成主次关系，就把一个比较复杂的内容和关系表达得层次清楚、结构严谨。修改后的文章：TVandwebsiteBothTVandwebsitearepopularmedia.Theyhavesomethingincommon.Bothofthemmakemoneyfromads.SimilartoTV,websitesalsohavedifferentsections,sothatyoumaychoosetheoneyouaremostinterestedin.However,theyaredifferentinmanyways.Aboveall,movingpicturesareshownonTVwithsoundandinterpretation,whichmakesyoufeelasifyouarejustonthespot.Then,theprogramschangeeverydayandprofessionalTVreportersdothereportforTV.UnlikeTV,someinformationonwebsiteschangeallthetime,butnotallofitissoupdated.Inaddition,everybodycanwritearticlesforwebsitesratherthanprofessionalreporter.Inaword,everymediumhasitsownfeatures,soitishardtosaywhichisbetter.修改后的文章用过渡词来衔接上下段第一段第一句为：BothTVandwebsitearepopularmedia.T