第九讲并列句和状语从句一、并列连词和并列句常见并列连词表示并列关系and(和,同,又),both...and...(两者都……),aswellas(也,同)表示选择关系or/orelse(否则),otherwise(否则),either...or...(或者……或者……),not...but...(不是……而是……)表示递进关系and(而且),notonly...butalso...(不但……而且……),neither...nor...(既不……也不……)表示转折关系but(但是),yet(然而),still(仍然),however(然而),nevertheless(尽管如此)表示因果关系so(所以),for(因为)表示对比关系while(而)温馨提醒although/though不能与but连用,但可以和yet,still连用。Although/Thoughwehavegrownup,ourparentsstilltreatusaschildren.=Wehavegrownup,butourparentsstilltreatusaschildren.①(2014·高考辽宁卷)However,ifyouregularlyusethebathroomatthisplace,thenyouareacustomer,andyoushouldactlikeone.然而,如果你经常性地使用这个地方的洗手间,那么你就是一个顾客,并且你应该做出顾客的样子。②(2014·高考湖南卷)Shewouldstarteitheratthefrontorthebackoftheclassroomandworktowardtheotherend.她不是从教室的前面,就是从教室的后面开始提问,直到另一头。③(2014·高考大纲全国卷)Thatfamilynotonlyrestoredtheimportantdocumentstousthatdaybutalsorestoredourfaithandtrustinpeople.那个家庭在那天不仅归还了我们那份重要的文档,还让我们重新拥有了对人的信心和信任。④(2013·高考新课标全国卷Ⅱ)IwasgladtomeetJennyagain,butIdidn’twanttospendalldaywithher.很高兴又见到Jenny了,但是我不想花一整天时间和她在一起。⑤(2015·苏州高三模拟)Yesterday,Iforgottopickmysonup,sohewaitedinthekindergartenfornearlytwohours.昨天我忘记去接我的儿子了,因此他在幼儿园等了几乎两个小时。⑥Atschool,somestudentsareactivewhilesomeareshy,yettheycanbegoodfriendswithoneanother.在学校,有些学生是活跃的而有些学生是害羞的,但是他们可以成为彼此的好朋友。二、时间状语从句1.when,while和as引导的时间状语从句when从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生,也可以先后发生。从句谓语动词为延续性动词或非延续性动词。作并列连词,意为“那时,这时”,常用于beabouttodo...when...;bedoing...when...;hadjustdone...when...;beonthepointofdoing...when...等结构中。while从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生,强调一段时间,从句的谓语动词为延续性动词。表示“尽管”,引导让步状语从句。while作并列连词,意为“而,却”,表示对比。as从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生或交替进行,可译为“一边……,一边……;随着……”,从句谓语一般为延续性动词。①(2014·高考大纲全国卷)Bankshaszeroabilitywhenitcomestodealingwithgirls.当对付这些女孩时,Banks没有任何办法。②Pleasedon’ttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.别人在工作时,别高声谈话。③OneFriday,wewerepackingtoleaveforaweekendawaywhenmydaughterheardcriesforhelp.一个周五,我们正在打包动身去过周末,就在这时我女儿听到了呼救声。2.before与since引导的时间状语从句(1)before与since的常用句式连词词义常用句式before在……之前;还未……就……;才……;还没来得及……就……Itwill(not)be+一段时间+before...(没有)过……时间才……Itwasnotlongbefore...不久……就……Itwas+一段时间+before...过了……才……since自从……以来Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since...(从句用一般过去时)Itwas+一段时间+since...(从句用过去完成时)(2)since引导的从句如果用非延续性动词,所表示的是自从句谓语动作算起;若用延续性动词或状态动词,所表示的就是自动作或状态的完成或结束时算起。①(2014·高考新课标全国卷Ⅰ)Butheisnotcontenttosimplyrecordthesevoicesbeforetheydisappearwithoutrecord.但他不满足于简单地在这些东西消失之前把他们录制下来。②Asisreported,itisover100yearssinceQinghuaUniversitywasfounded.据报道,自清华大学建立以来已有一百多年了。③Johnthinksitwon’tbelongbeforeheisreadyforhisnewjob.约翰认为他不久就会为新工作做好准备了。3.表示“一……就……”含义的词(短语)引导的时间状语从句(1)assoonas;immediately;directly;instantly;themoment/minute/instant;nosooner...than...;hardly...when...(2)hardly...when...;nosooner...than...中主句用过去完成时,从句应用一般过去时;当hardly和nosooner位于句首时,主句要部分倒装。①Ihadhardlygottotheofficewhenmywifephonedmetogobackhomeatonce.我刚到办公室,我妻子就打电话让我立刻回家。②Hehadnosoonerfinishedhisspeechthanthestudentsstartedcheering.=Nosoonerhadhefinishedhisspeechthanthestudentsstartedcheering.他刚结束演讲学生们就开始欢呼起来。③ThemomentIheardthevoice,Iknewfatherwascoming.我一听到那个声音就知道父亲来了。④Theboyburstintotearsimmediatelyhesawhismother.那男孩一见到他妈妈便放声大哭起来。4.引导时间状语从句的其他常见连词(1)until与till引导的时间状语从句until/till意为“直到……时”,引导时间状语从句时,表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。当主句的谓语动词是延续性动词时,主句常用肯定形式;当主句的谓语动词是非延续性动词时,主句常用否定形式,意为“直到……才”。(2)every/eachtime,nexttime,thefirsttime,whenever等引导的时间状语从句(3)bythetime引导时间状语从句时,从句用一般现在时,主句用将来完成时;从句用一般过去时,主句用过去完成时。①Wheneverwemetwithdifficulties,theycametohelpus.每当我们遇到困难,他们就来帮忙。②Bythetimeyoucomeback,wewillhavefinishedthejob.当你回来的时候,我们将已经完成这项工作了。三、让步状语从句让步状语从句although;though;evenif/though(即使);whether...or(not)...(不管……还是……);while(尽管);疑问词+ever/=nomatter+疑问词(不管……;无论……)①Althoughregularexerciseisveryimportant,it’sneveragoodideatoexercisetooclosetobedtime.②WhileIalwaysfeltIwouldpasstheexam,IneverthoughtIwouldgetanA.温馨提醒(1)although引导让步状语从句时,只能用正常语序,though在引导让步状语从句时可用正常语序,也可用倒装语序。as引导让步状语从句须用倒装。①Tryashemight,hecouldn’tsolvetheproblem.②(2014·高考江苏卷)Lessonscanbelearnedtofacethefuture,thoughhistorycannotbechanged.(2)though还可作副词单独置于句末,意为“但是,可是不过”。It’shardwork,Ienjoyitthough.(3)whoever,whatever,whomever,whichever还可以引导名词性从句。Thegovernmenthaspromisedtodowhateverhelpstosolvetheproblemofunemployment.四、条件状语从句、原因状语从句与地点状语从句从句类型引导词例句条件状语从句if;unless(除非,如果不);so(as)longas(只要);once;incase(万一);onconditionthat(条件是);supposing/suppose(that)(假设;如果);provided/providing(that)(如果)①(2014·高考大纲全国卷)Unlesssomeextramoneyisfound,thetheatrewillclose.②(2014·高考广东卷)Aslongasthereiskindnessandvirtue,theworldwillbecomemorebeautiful.③Oncetheydecidewhichcollegetogoto,studentsshouldresearchtheadmissionprocedures.原因状语从句because;since;as;now(that);seeing/considering(that)(考虑到;既然)①—Mum,couldIgoouttoplaynow?—Letmesee...Yes,sinceyouhavefinishedallyourschoolassignments.②As/Nowthateverybodyishere,let’sbeginourdiscussion.③Hemustbeill,forheisabsenttoday.地点状语从句where;wherever①Anumberofhighbuildingshavearisenwheretherewasnothingayearagobutruins.②Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.③Makeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestions.(地点状语从句)④Makeamarkattheplacewhereyouhaveanyquestions.(定语从句)五、目的状语从句、结果状语从句与方式状语从句从句类型引导词例句目的状语从句sothat;inorderthat;incase(以防);forfearthat(唯恐,以免)①Speakloudersothat/inor