pride-and-prejudice赏析

PrideandPrejudice----ChenYao“Itisatruthuniversallyacknowledged,thatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortune,mustbeinwantofawife.•JaneAustenwasbornatSteventonParsonage,Hampshire,England,onDecember16th,1775,theseventhofeightchildren.Atfirst,shewassenttoOxfordtobeeducated.Afewyearslater,shehadreturnedhomebecausetheAustenscouldnotaffordtosendhertoschool.Austenacquiredtheremainderofhereducationbyreadingbooks,guidedbyherminister-father.HerfatherapparentlygaveAustenunfetteredaccesstohislargeandvariedlibrary,andprovidedherwithexpensivepaperandothermaterialsforherwritingand•drawing.Austenhadacloserelationshipwithhersister---CassandraElizabeth..Austennevermarried.In1796,shehadashortrelationshipwithTomLefroy,whowastheIrishsupremejudge.ItissaidthatheisMr.Darcy’sprototypeinPrideandPrejudice.In1816,AustengotaseriousillnessanddiedinWinchesteron18th,July1817,attheageof41.ShewasburiedinthenorthaisleofthenaveofWinchesterCathedral.•Status•From18centurytotheearly19thcentury,sentimentalnovelandGothicnovelarefullofBritishLiterature.ButAusten'snoveldestroystheoldandestablishesthenew.UnconventionallyshowsthatBritishruralmiddleclasslifewhichhasnotbeenundercapitalistindustryrevolutionimpact.Herworks,oftenthroughthecomedicscenesofmockingpeople'sstupidity,selfishness,snobberyandblindlyconfidentweakness.Austen’snovelappearedintheearly19thcentury.Shebrokethefalseromanticismtrend,inheritinganddevelopingtheexcellenttraditionofrealisminthe18thcenturyintheUK.Sheopenstheclimaxoftherealisticnovelsof1830s.•JaneAustenisoneoftheveryfewfamousfemalewritersintheworld.Sheisadomesticnovelistandnovelistofmanners.SheismentionedinthesamestatuswithShakespeare.Austen’sliteraryconcernAusten’smainliteraryconcernisabouthumanbeingsintheirpersonalrelationship.Sheisparticularpreoccupiedwiththerelationshipbetweenmenandwomeninlove.Storiesofloveandmarriageprovidethemajorthemesinallhernovels,inwhichfemalecharactersarealwaysplayinganactivepart.NovelofManners(社会风俗小说）•workoffictionthatre-createsasocialworld,conveyingwithfinelydetailedobservationthecustoms,values,andmoresofahighlydevelopedandcomplexsociety.•Theconventionsofthesocietydominatethestory,andcharactersaredifferentiatedbythedegreetowhichtheymeasureuptotheuniformstandard,orideal,ofbehaviourorfallbelowit.Therangeofanovelofmannersmaybelimited,asintheworksofJaneAusten,whichdealwiththedomesticaffairsofEnglishcountrygentryfamiliesofthe19thcenturyandignoreelementalhumanpassionsandlargersocialandpoliticaldeterminations..DomesticNovel•domesticNovelreferstoatypeofnovelpopularwithwomenreadersduringthemiddleofthenineteenthcentury.ThegenrebeganwithCatharineSedgwick'sNew-EnglandTale(1822)andremainedadominantfictionaltypeuntilafter1870.Features•1.Plotfocusesonaheroinewhoembodiesoneoftwotypesofexemplar.•2.Theheroinestrugglesforself-mastery,learningthepainofconqueringherownpassions•3.Thetalesgenerallyendwithmarriage.•4.Thenovelsmayusealanguageoftearsthatevokessympathyfromthereaders.ListofWorks•Novels:•SenseandSensibility(1811)•PrideandPrejudice(1813)•MansfieldPark(1814)•Emma(1815)•NorthangerAbbey(1818,posthumous)•Persuasion(1818,posthumous)•Shortfiction:•LadySusan(1794,1805)•Unfinishedfiction:•TheWatsons1804)•Sanditon(1817)•OtherWorks:•SirCharlesGrandison(adaptedplay)(1793,1800)•PlanofaNovel(1815)ABriefIntroductionofPrideandPrejudice•PrideandPrejudiceisthemasterpieceofJaneAusten.Thisworktakesthedailylifeasthesourcematerial.Contrarytopopularsentimentalnovelsofthecommunitycontentandaffectationofwritingmethods.Vividlyreflectstheendofthe18thcenturytotheearly19thcenturyBritishtownshiplifeinaconservativeandocclusionstateandthewaysoftheworld..SocialBackground•1.ThestoryofPrideandPrejudicetookplaceinnineteenthcentury.Atthattime,BritainwasattheperiodoftransitionfromtheearlierstageofCapitalismtoCapitalistIndustrialization.Inthecountryside,thearistocraticfamilystillheldgreatpowerandrightthatcountrysquireswerelikelytofawnuponthem.However,asthedevelopmentofCapitalismandtheexpandoftherankofrichpeople,thedistinctionbetweensocialstratawasbecomingsmallerandsmaller,whilemoneywasgettingmoreandmoreimportantinpeople’smindaboutsocialvalue.Englandconsentedtoaccommodatetheaspirationsoftherisingmiddleclassesbypermittingintermarriagewithcommomers.•2.Thestorytookplaceinthetimesbetween18thand19thcenturiesinUK;itwasuniversallyregardedthatasinglewealthymanmustbeinawantofawife.•3.ItisacommonpracticeduringAusten’stimeforwomentomarryahusbandtosaveherfromspinsterhoodortogainfinancialsecurity.Sogenerallyspeaking,awomaninmiddleclasscanchangeherlifeonlybyasuccessfulmarriage.TheRelationshipBetweenMainCharactersSocialHierarchyLadyCatherineFitzwilliamDarcyCharlesBingleyMr.BennetMr.CollinsPlotMrandMrsBennetlivewiththeirfivedaughtersatLongbournnearLondon.Becausetheyhavenoson,theirpropertywillhavetopass,accordingtothelawatthattime,toacousin,WilliamCollins.Hopingtosecuretheirdaughters’positioninsociety,theybothwanttomarrythemtosomewealthygentlemen.ItsohappensthatCharlesBingley,asinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortune,comestosettleintheneighborhoodwithhistwosistersandhisfriendF