Ⅰ.交际用语日常交际用语是《大学英语》B统考试题中的第一部分,目的是检测考生在不同的情境中运用英语进行交际的能力。该部分以选择题形式出题,包括5个小题,每题3分,共15分。一、解题技巧我们总结出下面的答题规律:1.交际用语的答案不是明显的对错问题,它是是否符合口语习惯的问题。答题时,不是寻找错误,而是判断语言的使用是否规范。2.熟悉各种情景的对话用语,这样可以在短时间内,判断对话发生的地点和场景。3.要熟悉西方人日常的交际习惯,礼貌规则。这里所说的人们交往的交际习惯应该是西方文化中的习惯,而不是我们东方文化中,特别是我们自己生活中习惯了的交往方式。下面就向大家介绍交际用语中的几个原则:A.礼貌原则无论在任何场合、表达什么看法/情感,发话/发问和应答都要有礼貌,即使表达不同看法或批评意见,也要委婉间接表达,使对方听起来不刺耳,例如:—DoyouthinkIcanuseyourcarforoneday?—.A.I’mafraidnot.B.No,youcan’t.C.Iwon’tletyoudothat.D.Absolutelynot.解析:此题第一说话人向对方提出请求“想借车一用”,对方如果不能答应,应该委婉地表示拒绝。因此选A。礼貌原则还表现在拒绝一个请求的方式上:一种是委婉地回绝,上面例子“I’mafraidnot”就是这种情况;另一种是先表同意,然后用“but”来个转折,表达出不同意的意思。例如:Iwouldliketo,but…That’sagoodidea,but…B.利他原则在日常交际中,英语国家人民形成了一种习俗,即要尽可能为对方提供帮助和方便,对别人遇到的好事/成功要表示高兴,坏事要表示难过/惋惜,因此在交际用语中也要体现出来这种倾向,例如:—IamgoingtotheCityHall,canyoutellmehowtogetthere,madam?—.A.No,youdon’tknowB.Idon’tknow.C.Yes,youwill.D.Sorry,Iamnewheretoo.Butyoucanaskthepolicemanoverthere.解析:此题第一说话人在向对方询问道路,按照利他原则,应尽可能为对方提供帮助和方便。所以选D,首先表示歉意,自己也不知道,同时给出一些有帮助的建议。C.文化遵从原则在选择交际用语时,大家要有跨文化视角,也就是说,要克服本民族的习惯思维和应答模式,要使用得体的、符合对方习惯的方式来应答。例如:—Mary,yourdressisreallybeautiful.HowisJohn?—.A.ThankyouverymuchB.No,no,JohnisnotbadC.Thankyou.HeisfineD.Don’tsaythat.It’sugly.Johnisgood解析:按照英美国家的文化,当受到他人的赞扬时,应该真诚地表示感谢,这也是对说话人的尊重。如果一味谦虚说“不、没有、还差得远”等,反而就不礼貌了,这与中国人的习惯和思维不太一样,所以选C。二、模拟试题讲解交际用语在统考试题中,考察题型主要可分为以下三类:询问类试题,约占该部分考题36.7%了;看法类试题,约占该部分考题26.7%;功能类用语试题,约占该部分考题36.6%。在下面的讲解中,我们按照这种分类,先总结每类交际用语的常用句型,然后列举典型示例(部分示例选自《大学英语》(B)六套模拟题中的相关交际用语试题)。三大类试题中各小类按在考试中出现的频率,从高到低排序进行讲解。(一)询问类1、请求允许及其应答A:提出请求May/Can/couldIuse(borrow/take/ask/see)…?(我可以用/借/问/看……吗?)Iwonder/Iamwonderingif…?(不知道我能否……?)Wouldyouplease…?(能请你……吗?)Doyouthink…?(你是否认为……?)B:回答请求①同意Sure,goahead./Certainly./Ofcourse./Byallmeans./Yes,doplease./Hereyouare./Helpyourself./Noproblem.(可以/当然/拿去/请便。)②拒绝I’mafraid…(我恐怕……)I’msorry,but…(对不起,但是……)I’msorryyoucan’t./You’dbetternot.(很抱歉,不行。/你最好别这样。)考点一:借东西及其应答典型例句:A:问May/Can/couldIuse(borrow)…?B:答(肯定)Sure,goahead./Hereyouare./Helpyourself./Noproblem./Byallmeans.(否定)I’msorry,but…【典型示例】1)—CouldIborrowyourcarforafewdays?(《大学英语》(B)Test3,3)—.A.Yes,youmayborrow.B.Yes,goon.C.Sure,hereyouare.Enjoyyourjourney.D.Itdoesn’tmatter.2)—IwonderifIcoulduseyourcomputertonight?—I’mnotusingitrightnow.(《大学英语》(B)Test6,1)A.Sure,goahead.B.Idon’tknow.C.Itdoesn’tmatter.D.Whocares【实战练习】1.—DoyouthinkIcouldborrowyourdictionary?或CouldIuseyourdictionaryforamoment?—_________.A.Yes,youmayborrowB.Yes,goonC.Yes,helpyourselfD.Itdoesn'tmatter2.—CouldIborrowyourEnglishDictionary?—_________A.Thankyouverymuch.B.No,Iamnotavailable.C.I'msorry.It'snotathandnow.D.It'sverykindofyou.3.—MayIborrowthosemagazines?—_________.Youmaykeepthemfortwoweeks.A.Ofcoursenot.B.Byallmeans.C.I'mafraidnot.D.It'suptoyou.4.—DoyouthinkIcanborrowyourbikeforafewhours?—_________A.I'mafraidyoucan.B.I'msorry,butIreallyneeditthisafternoon.C.Yes,Idon'tthinkso.D.I'llthinkaboutitlater.5.—IwonderifIcoulduseyourtelephone.—_________AIwonderhow.BIdon'tknow.CWell,ofcourse.DNowonder,hereitis.6.—Doyouhappentohavetwentydollarswithyou?—_________—Iwanttobuyanotebook.A.Howdoyouwantit?B.Howmuch?C.Whatfor?D.Whencanyoupaymeback?答案:CCBBCC考点二:请求帮助及其应答典型例句:A:问Canyouhelpmewith…?/Wouldyoudomeafavor/givemeahelpinghand?①同意Sure./Certainly./Ofcourse./Byallmeans./Noproblem.(可以/当然。)B:答②回绝I’mafraid…(我恐怕……)I’msorry,but…(对不起,但是……)【典型示例】1)—Thisboxistooheavyformetocarryupstairs.(《大学英语》(B)Test5,5)—__________.A.Youmayaskforhelp.BI’llgiveyouahand.C.Pleasedomeafavor.D.I’dcometohelp.2)—Couldyouhelpmewithmyphysics,please?(《大学英语》(B)Test3,1)—__________.A.No,nowayB.No,Icouldn’tC.No,Ican’tD.SorryIcan’t.Ihavetogotoameetingrightnow.【实战练习】1.—I'vejustlockedmykeysinmyroom.WhatshouldIdonow?—_________A.Sorry,Ihavenoidea.B.Let'scalmdownandtrytoopenit.C.It'snotmybusiness.D.Whoistoblame?Youarealwayscareless.2.—Iamplanningtostudyabroad,andIwantyouradvice.—_________A.Youdonothaveto.B.Youaskme?C.WhatcanIdoforyou?D.Itisunnecessary.3.—Ican'tcatchupwiththerestoftheclass.Thesubjectsaredifficult.—_________A.Oh,justgiveup.B.Don'tworry.I'llhelpyou.C.Howstupidyouare!D.It'saproblem.4.—Canyouhelpme?—_________A.No,Idon'tknow.B.Sure.Whatisit?C.Don'tmentionit.D.That'sit.5.—Couldyoutakeaphotoofmewiththelakeasthebackground?—_________A.No,asksomeoneelse.B.Noway.C.Byallmeans.D.WhyshouldI?6.—Canyouhelpmeclearupthemess?—_________A.Yes,itdoesn'tmatter.B.No,youdon'tneedtoworry.C.Yes,helpyourself.D.Noproblem.7.—Couldyougivemeahelpinghand?—_________—Iwanttocleanmygarage.A.How'sthat.B.Sure.WhatcanIdoforyou?C.Notatall.DWhichone?8.—Wouldyoudomeafavor?—_________A.Iwould.B.I'mnotsure.C.Withpleasure.D.Whatisthefavor?9.—Sorrytotroubleyou.—_________A.It'sapleasure.B.Idon'tthinkso.C.No,Idon'tmindatall.D.Excuseme.答案:BCBBCDBCA考点三:重点句型Do/Wouldyoumind…A:问Do/WouldyoumindifI/mydoing…(你是否介意……?)①同意No,Idon’tmind./Ofcoursenot./Notatall.(不介意./一点也不介意)B:答Pleasedo./Goahead,please./OK.(行,做吧。)②不同意Yes,Ido.(我介意)【典型示例】1)—Wouldyoumindchangingseatswithme?—(《大学英语》(B)Test4,9)A.Yes,youcan.B.Ofcourse,Iliketo.C.No,Idon’tmind.D.Certainly,pleasedo.2)—Doyoumindmysmokinghere?—(《大学英语》(B)Test5,3)A.No,thanks.B.Yes,Ido.C.Yes,I’drathernot