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考研大趋势之一：考研英语基础复习必备1998Text11/381998年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试试题Text1题材：社会生活类词数：3551.❶Fewcreationsofbigtechnologycapturetheimaginationlikegiantdams.❷Perhapsitishumankind’slongsufferingatthemercyoffloodanddroughtthatmakestheideaofforcingthewaterstodoourbiddingsofascinating.❸Buttobefascinatedisalso,sometimes,tobeblind.❹Severalgiantdamprojectsthreatentodomoreharmthangood.2.❶Thelessonfromdamsisthatbigisnotalwaysbeautiful.❷Itdoesn’thelpthatbuildingabig,powerfuldamhasbecomeasymbolofachievementfornationsandpeoplestrivingtoassertthemselves.❸Egypt’sleadershipintheArabworldwascementedbytheAswanHighDam.❹Turkey’sbidforFirstWorldstatusincludesthegiantAtaturkDam.3.❶Butbigdamstendnottoworkasintended.❷TheAswanDam,forexample,stoppedtheNilefloodingbutdeprivedEgyptofthefertilesiltthatfloodsleft—allinreturnforagiantreservoirofdiseasewhichisnowsofullofsiltthatitbarelygenerateselectricity.4.❶Andyet,themythofcontrollingthewaterspersists.❷Thisweek,intheheartofcivilizedEurope,SlovaksandHungariansstoppedjustshortofsendinginthetroopsintheircontentionoveradamontheDanube.❸Thehugecomplexwillprobablyhavealltheusualproblemsofbigdams.❹ButSlovakiaisbiddingforindependencefromtheCzechs,andnowneedsadamtoproveitself.5.❶Meanwhile,inIndia,theWorldBankhasgiventhego-aheadtotheevenmorewrong-headedNarmadaDam.❷Andthebankhasdonethiseventhoughitsadvisorssaythedamwillcausehardshipforthepowerlessandenvironmentaldestruction.❸Thebenefitsareforthepowerful,buttheyarefarfromguaranteed.6.❶Proper,scientificstudyoftheimpactsofdamsandofthecostandbenefitsofcontrollingwatercanhelptoresolvetheseconflicts.❷Hydroelectricpowerandfloodcontrolandirrigationarepossiblewithoutbuildingmonsterdams.❸Butwhenyouaredealingwithmyths,itishardtobeeitherproper,orscientific.❹ItistimethattheworldlearnedthelessonsofAswan.❺Youdon’tneedadamtobesaved.Text1文章内容全解一、试题出处分析本文是一篇观点论证型文章，文章通过列举多个例子指出人们过去与现在都非常迷恋建造大坝，但建造大坝可能弊大于利，因此，作者建议人们在建造大坝的时候谨慎行事，科学建坝。二、原文深度解读Para11.Perhapsitishumankind’slongsufferingatthemercyoffloodanddrought︱状语强调句型主句主语介词短语作后置定语thatmakestheideaofforcingthewaterstodoourbiddingsofascinating.(P1S2)考研大趋势之一：考研英语基础复习必备1998Text12/38强调句型主句谓语主句宾语介词短语作后置定语宾语补足语翻译可能正是因为人类长期遭受旱涝灾害的摆布才使得人们如此痴迷于治理江河、供我驱策的理想。解析本句是复合句，且是一个强调句，句子的主干为…humankind’slongsuffering…makestheidea…sofascinating。atthemercyof任由……摆布，在……面前毫无办法flood/flʌd/n.(1)洪水；水灾(2)(因雨)涨潮，涨水(3)(流出或发出的)一大阵，一批，大量；滔滔不绝‖v.(1)淹没；(使)泛滥(2)涌到，涌进；充满，充斥真题例句TheAswanDam,forexample,stoppedtheNilefloodingbutdeprivedEgyptofthefertilesiltthatfloodsleft—allinreturnforagiantreservoirofdiseasewhichisnowsofullofsiltthatitbarelygenerateselectricity.以阿斯旺大坝为例，它阻止了尼罗河洪水泛滥，但也使埃及失去了洪水冲击过后所留下的肥沃淤泥——换回来的却是一个疾病滋生的水库，现在这个水库积满了淤泥，几乎不能发电了。(1998阅读text1para3s2)drought/draʊt/n.(1)干旱季节；旱灾(2)(长期的)缺乏doone’sbidding听从某人的吩咐Para22.Itdoesn’thelp︱thatbuildingabig,powerfuldamhasbecome形式主语主句谓语主语从句标志词从句主语系表结构作从句谓语asymbolofachievementfornationsandpeoplestrivingtoassertthemselves.(P2S2)介词短语作后置定语现在分词短语作后置定语翻译但这个教训也无法阻止修建高大雄伟的大坝已成为那些力求得到自我肯定的国家和人民的伟大成就的象征。解析本句为复合句，句子的主干为Itdoesn’thelpthat…。It是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。dam/dæm/n.水坝，水堤，水闸symbol/ˈsɪmbəl/n.(1)象征(2)符号；记号；代号串记同族：symbolism(n.象征主义；象征手法)symbolic(al)(adj.象征的，象征性的；符号的)symbolize(v.象征；用符号表示)strive/straɪv/vi.(1)努力，奋斗，力求(2)斗争；反抗真题例句①WelearnfromthebeginningofthepassagethatWebbusinesshasbeenstrivingtoexpanditsmarket.从本文的开头我们知道，网络商业正在努力扩大自己的市场。(1999阅读text2Q55)②Butinearliertimesitmeantafriendlybutcompetitivestrivingforfameandexcellence.而在早期，它却意味着为名誉和优秀而进行友好、竞争的拼搏。(1996阅读text4para9s3)搭配striveafter为了……而奋斗strivefor努力获得……strivetodosth.努力做某事striveagainst/with与……作斗争assert/əˈsɜːt/vt.(1)宣称；断言(2)维护，坚持(观点、权利等)真题例句①Hewaswillingtoassertthat“Ihaveafairshareofinvention,andofcommonsenseorjudgment,suchaseveryfairlysuccessfullawyerordoctormusthave,butnot,Ibelieve,inanyhigherdegree.”他倒乐意称自己“我有些发明的天分，有常识，也有判断力，就像每位成功的律师或医生都必须有的，但我相信，并不比他们更好”。(2008翻译para1s10)②Theauthorassertsthatscientistsshouldn’tneglecttospeculateonunpredictablethings.作者断言科学家们不应该忽视在不可预测的事情上的推断。(1999阅读text5Q68)考研大趋势之一：考研英语基础复习必备1998Text13/38③Duringthediscussionofrocksingingversesatlastmonth’sstockholders’meeting,Levinassertedthat“musicisnotthecauseofsociety’sills”andevencitedhisson,ateacherintheBronx,NewYork,whousesraptocommunicatewithstudents.在上个月就摇滚乐歌词进行讨论的股东会议上，列文宣称“音乐不是社会弊病的根源”，他甚至还以自己的儿子为例，他儿子是纽约州布朗克斯的一名教师，上课时用说唱的形式与学生进行交流。(1997阅读text4para4s2)④Heasserted,also,thathispowertofollowalongandpurelyabstracttrainofthoughtwasverylimited,forwhichreasonhefeltcertainthathenevercouldhavesucceededwithmathematics.他还坚持认为自己进行长时间纯抽象思维的能力十分有限，由此他也认为自己在数学方面根本不可能有大的作为。(2008翻译para1s4)串记同族：assertion(n.主张；断言；维护，坚持)assertive(adj.断言的，肯定的；过分自信的，武断的)3.Egypt’sleadershipintheArabworldwascementedbytheAswanHighDam.(P2S3)主语后置定语谓语状语翻译埃及由于建造了阿斯旺大坝而巩固了其在阿拉伯世界的领导地位。解析该句为简单句，句子的主干为Egypt’sleadership…wascemented…。cement/sɪˈment/n.(1)水泥(2)胶泥‖vt.(1)用水泥粘合(2)巩固，加强‖vi.粘紧，粘牢背景知识阿斯旺大坝(AswanHighDam)：1970年在尼罗河下游建成了阿斯旺大坝，该大坝具有灌溉、发电、防洪等综合效益，为世界七大水坝之一。该大坝曾是埃及民众和政府的骄傲，可是这个大坝建成后不久，它对环境的不良影响日益严重，便逐渐改变了人们对它的评价。阿塔特克大坝(AtaturkDam)：于1990年竣工，坐落在幼发拉底河之上，由石块垒成。起初，这座大坝名为卡拉巴巴大坝，后来改名，用来纪念土耳其共和国的国父穆斯塔法·凯末尔·阿塔特克。阿塔特克大坝除了发电供电之外，还会为附近一带的平原提供灌溉水源。Para34.TheAswanDam,forex