考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit32一、真题文章(1995年text2)Therearetwobasicwaystoseegrowth:oneasaproduct,theotherasaprocess.Peoplehavegenerallyviewedpersonalgrowthasanexternalresultorproductthatcaneasilybeidentifiedandmeasured.Theworkerwhogetsapromotion,thestudentwhosegradesimprove,theforeignerwholearnsanewlanguage---alltheseareexamplesofpeoplewhohavemeasurableresultstoshowfortheirefforts.Bycontrast,theprocessofpersonalgrowthismuchmoredifficulttodetermine,sincebydefinitionitisajourneyandnotthespecificsignpostsorlandmarksalongtheway.Theprocessisnottheroaditself,butrathertheattitudesandfeelingspeoplehave,theircautionorcourage,astheyencounternewexperiencesandunexpectedobstacles.Inthisprocess,thejourneyneverreallyends;therearealwaysnewwaystoexperiencetheworld,newideastotry,newchallengestoaccept.Inordertogrow,totravelnewroads,peopleneedtohaveawillingnesstotakerisks,toconfronttheunknown,andtoacceptthepossibilitythattheymayfailatfirst.Howweseeourselvesaswetryanewwayofbeingisessentialtoourabilitytogrow.Doweperceiveourselvesasquickandcurious?Ifso,thenwetendtotakemorechancesandtobemoreopentounfamiliarexperiences.Dowethinkwe'reshyandindecisive?Thenoursenseoftimiditycancauseustohesitate,tomoveslowly,andnottotakeastepuntilweknowthegroundissafe.Dowethinkwe'reslowtoadapttochangeorthatwe'renotsmartenoughtocopewithanewchallenge?Thenwearelikelytotakeamorepassiveroleornottryatall.Thesefeelingsofinsecurityandself-doubtarebothunavoidableandnecessaryifwearetochangeandgrow.Ifwedonotconfrontandovercometheseinternalfearsanddoubts,ifweprotectourselvestoomuch,thenweceasetogrow.Webecometrappedinsideashellofourownmaking.二、译文对成长的看法基本上有两种:一种把成长看成是结果,一种把它看成是过程。人们大多把个人成长看成是容易识别和衡量的外部结果。工人得到了晋升,学生的成绩有了提高,外国人学会了一门新语言——所有这些都是取得了能显示出他们努力的可衡量结果的例子。相比之下,个人成长的过程却比较难以确定,因为从定义上可以看出,它是一个旅程,而不是旅程中特定的标志或里程碑。这个过程指的并不是道路本身,而是人们在遭遇新的体验和预料不到的挫折时的态度和情感,勇气和忧虑。在这个过程中,这一旅程永远没有终点,总是有新的体验,新的尝试和新的挑战。为了实现个人成长,探索新道路,人们需要有愿意冒风险的精神,人们要有勇于面对未知的世界的精神,人们要有敢于接受开始时也许就会失败的可能性。我们在探索新路的时候如何看待自己,这对我们的成长能力是至关重要的。我们是否认为自己头脑灵活、好奇心强?如果是这样,我们会更愿意冒风险,更愿意尝试不熟悉的体验。我们是否认为自己羞怯而缺乏主见?如果这样,那么胆怯会使我们犹豫、行动缓慢,在迈出一步之前总是先要确定路况是否安全。我们是否认为自己调整自我以适应变化很慢,或我们是否认为自己不够聪明,无法迎接新的挑战?这样的话,我们可能会采取更加被动的态度,或者根本就不去尝试新的事物。如果我们要去改变自我并成长的话,这些不安全感和自我怀疑都是不可避免的和必经的。如果无法面对和克服这些内心的恐惧和疑虑,如果我们对自己过分保护,那我们就会停止成长,我们就会作茧自缚。三、考研核心词汇external/eks5tE:nl/adj.1外部的,客观的,[医]外用的2外国的n.外部,外面[例]Aninternalsenseofrighteousnessdwindlesintoanexternalconcernforreputation?A.R.Gurney,Jr.)“内心的正义感变成对外在名誉的关心”(小A.R.格尼)[同义]exterior,outer,outside,surface[反义]internal/in5tE:nl/adj.内在的,国内的measure/5meVE/n.1尺寸,量度器,量度标准2方法,测量,措施vt.1测量,测度,估量2分派,权衡,调节vi.量[例]1测量:Thestandardkilogramismaintainedasameasureofmass.标准的千克是测量质量的量度2较量Shemeasuredherpowerwiththatofadangerousadversary.她拿自己的力量和危险的敌手进行较量[同义]appraise,assess,compare,estimate,grade,rank,rate,size[固定搭配]measureup(常与to连用)合格;符合(标准)contrast/5kCntrAst/vt.使与...对比,使与...对照vi.和...形成对照n.对比,对照,(对照中的)差异[例]Mynewschoolwasawelcomecontrasttotheonebefore.我的新学校比以前的好多了。[同义]compare,liken,match,measuredefinition/7defi5niFEn/n.1定义2解说3精确度,(轮廓影像等的)清晰度[例]Goodphotographshavedefinition.好的照片都很清晰。[派生]define/di5fain/vt.定义,详细说明definite/5definit/adj.明确的,一定的specific/spi5sifik/n.1特效药2细节adj.1详细而精确的,明确的2特殊的,特效的,[生物]种的[例]Iwantaspecificanswer.我想要一个明确的回答。[同义]definite,fixed,particular,precise,special[反义]general/5dVenErEl/n.1普通2将军3概要adj.1一般的,普通的2综合的,概括的,全面的,大体的n.常规[派生]specify/5spesifai/vt.1指定2详细说明,列入清单specification/7spesifi5keiFEn/n.详述,规格,说明书,规范signpost/5saInpEJst/n.路标[例]Weusuallyputupsignpostsonthehighwayforthedrivers.我们经常在高速公路上为司机们设立些路标。landmark/5lAndmB:k/n.1(航海)陆标,地界标,里程碑2划时代的事[例]ThePotalaPalaceisTibet’scardinallandmarkandastructurethatdeservesaplaceasoneofthewondersofeasternarchitecture.布达拉宫是西藏标志性的建筑,它能被认为是东方建筑的奇迹之一。[同义]milestone,pointattitude/5Atitju:d/n.1姿势,态度,意见[例]People'sattitudetowardstheskyscrapersvarieswidely.人们对这些摩天大楼的态度很不相同。[同义]opinion,position,standpoint,viewpointencounter/in5kauntE/v.遭遇,遇到,相遇n.遭遇,遭遇战[例]Theyoungscientistsencounteredmanydifficultiesduringtheirexploration.年轻的科学家们在探险期间遇到了许多困难。[同义]battle,collide,comeacross,confront,meet,opposeobstacle/5CbstEkl/n.障碍,妨害物[例]Wecombatobstaclesinordertogetrepose?HenryAdams).“为了获得歇息,我们与困难斗争”(亨利·亚当斯)。[同义]barrier,block,deterrent,hindrance,hitch,impedimentobstruction,snag,stoppage[反义]help/help/n.帮忙,补救办法,助手,治疗,美佣工vt.帮助,助长,接济,治疗,款待vi.有用,救命,招待challenge/5tFAlindV/n.挑战vt.向...挑战[例]Hechallengedmetoplayanothertennisgame.他向我挑战要我跟他再打一场网球。[同义]confront,dare,defy,dispute,doubt,question[派生]challenging/5tFAlindViN/adj.引起挑战性兴趣的,挑逗的risk/risk/vt.冒...的危险n.冒险,风险[例]Hisactionriskedasharpreprisal.他的行为冒着极可能遭到报复的危险[同义]chance,endanger,expose,gamble,hazard,imperil,jeopardize,venture[反义]safety/5seifti/n.安全,保险,安全设备,保险装置[固定搭配]run[take]theriskofdoingsth.冒险做某事;takenorisks慎重行事;atrisk在危险中;confront/kEn5frQnt/vt.使面临,对抗[例]Iwishtoconfrontmyaccuserinacourtoflaw.我希望和控告我的人当庭对质[同义]encounter,face,oppose[派生]confrontation/7kCnfrQn5teiFEn/n.面对,面对面,对质essential/i5senFEl/adj.1本质的,实质的,基本的2提炼的,精华的n.1本质,实质2要素,要点[例]Whatistheessentialdifferencebetweenthesetwoeconomicsystems?这两种经济体制的本质区别是什么?[同义]basic,fundamental,important,necessary,needed,required,vital[派生]essence/5esns/n