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SectionIII英语(二)段落翻译TranslationDirection:Inthissection,thereisapassageinEnglish.TranslateitintoChineseandwriteyourversiononAnswerSheet2.(15points)Exercise1Withtheriseofthewomen’smovementinthelate1960s,thepoliticalsignificanceofdressbecameincreasinglyexplicit.Rejectingorthodoxsexroles,bluejeanswereawoman’sweaponagainstuncomfortablepopularfashionsandtheviewthatwomenshouldbepassive.Thiswastheclothofaction;theclothoflaborbecamethebadgeoffreedom.Ifthebluejeanswereforrebelsinthe1960sandearly1970s,bythe1980stheyhadbecomeafoundationoffashion---availableinavarietyofcolors,textures,fabrics,andfit.Ontelevision,inmagazineadvertising,onthesidesofbuildingandbuses,jeanscallouttous.Theirhumblepastisobscured;practicalrootsareincorporatedintoanewaesthetic.JeansarenowtheuniversalsymboloftheindividualandWesterndemocracy.Theyarethecostumeofliberatedwomen,withafittightenoughtorestrictliketheharnessofold---butwiththelookoffreedomandmotion.Inbluejeans,fashionrevealsitselfasacomplexworldofhistoryandchange.【精品译文】随着20世纪60年代末妇女运动的兴起，服装的政治意义变得越来越明显。为了抵制传统的性别角色，蓝色牛仔裤成为妇女的武器，她们用它来对抗穿着不舒服的流行时装，反对妇女应该服从的概念。牛仔裤成为运动的制服，劳动服成为自由的象征。如果说蓝色牛仔裤在二十世纪六七十年代曾代表叛逆，那么到了20世纪80年代，它们已经成为时装的基础，而且有了各种颜色、质地、布料和尺码。在电视里，在杂志广告中，在建筑物和公交车的侧面，牛仔裤在向我们发出呼唤。它们卑微的过去已被淡忘；实用的渊源被融入到新的审美理念。现在，牛仔裤成为个人和西方民主的普遍象征。它们是解放了妇女的服装，穿着束身，恰似旧时的束腰，但是看上去却使人觉得穿着随意，行动自如。透过蓝色牛仔裤，时装展示了自身的复杂历史变化。Exercise2Theterm“businessmodel”firstcameintowidespreadusewiththeinventionofthepersonalcomputerandthespreadsheet(空白表格程序).Beforethespreadsheet,businessplanningusuallymeantproducingasingleforecast.Atbest,youdidalittlesensitivityanalysisaroundtheprojection.Thespreadsheetusheredinamuchmoreanalyticapproachtoplanningbecauseeverymajorlineitemcouldbepulledapart,itscomponentsandsubcomponentsanalyzedandtested.Youcouldaskwhat-ifquestionsaboutthecriticalassumptionsonwhichyourbusinessdepended—forexample,whatifcustomersaremoreprice-sensitivethanwethought—andwithafewkeystrokes,youcouldseehowanychangewouldplayoutoneveryaspectofthewhole.Inotherwords,youcouldmodelthebehaviorofabusiness.Beforethecomputerchangedthenatureofbusinessplanning,mostsuccessfulbusinessmodelswerecreatedmorebyaccidentthanbyelaboratedesign.Byenablingcompaniestotietheirmarketplaceinsightsmuchmoretightlytotheresultingeconomics,spreadsheetmadeitpossibletomodelbusinessbeforetheywerelaunched.【精品译文】“商业模式”这一概念最先是随着计算机和空白表格程序的问世而广泛传播的。在空白表格程序出现之前，商业计划往往意味着就某种情况提出一种单一的预测。你充其量只能对项目做出一些敏感性的分析，而空白表格程序为计划引入了更全面的分析方法，因为表格的每个主要列项可以拆开，因而可以分析和测试其成分和细节。你可以对商业所依赖的关键假设做出推测，比如，顾客对价格的敏感度要是超过了我们的想象，我们该怎么办？你只需敲几下键盘就可以看到整体中各个组成部分所引起的任何变化。换言之，你可以制定商业行为的模式。计算机改变了商业计划的本质，在此之前，绝大多数成功商业模式的形成是出于偶然，而非事先精心设计。空白表格程序能使企业把对市场的洞察和随之而来的经济活动更紧密地联系起来，因而能够事先制定出商业模式。Exercise3Poweringthegreatongoingchangesofourtimeistheriseofhumancreativityasthedefiningfeatureofeconomiclife.Creativityhascometobevalued,becausenewtechnologies,newindustriesandnewwealthflowfromit.Andasaresult,ourlivesandsocietyhavebeguntoechowithcreativeideas.Itisourcommitmenttocreativityinitsvarieddimensionsthatformstheunderlyingspiritofourage.Creativityisessentialtothewayweliveandworktoday,andinmanysensesalwayshasbeen.Thebigadvancesinstandardofliving---nottomentionthebigcompetitiveadvantagesinthemarketplace—alwayshavecomefrom“betterrecipes,notjustmorecooking.”Onemightarguethat’snotstrictlytrue.Onemightpointout,forinstance,thatduringthelongperiodfromtheearlydaysontheIndustrialRevolutiontomoderntimes,muchofthegrowthinproductivityandmaterialwealthintheindustrialnationscamenotjustfromcreativeinventionslikethesteamengine,butfromthewidespreadapplicationof“cookinginquantity”businessmethodslikemassivedivisionoflabor,concentrationofassets,verticalintegrationandeconomiesofscale.Butthosemethodsthemselveswerecreativedevelopments.【精品译文】推动当今社会巨大变化的动力是人类创造力的崛起。作为经济生活的一个显著特征，创造力已开始受到重视，因为各种新技术、新产业和新财富都源源不断地随之产生，其结果是我们的生活和社会充满了创造性思想。正是我们在各个领域里各种各样的发明创造构成了当今社会的精神基础。创造力对我们当今的生活和工作方式至关重要，而且从某种意义上来说，一向如此。生活水平的显著提高----更不用说市场经济的强大竞争优势，总是源于“更好的烹饪法，而不是更多的烹饪品”。也许有人会认为这种说法不一定严谨。比如他会指出，从最初的工业革命到现代社会这一漫长的时期内，工业化国家生产力的提高和物质财富的积累，很多都不是来自诸如蒸汽机之类的发明创造，而是来自“大量烹制”式的企业管理方法的广泛运用，如大规模的劳动力分工，资产的集中，纵向整合以及规模经济等，但是其实这些方法本身就是创新。Exercise4Manychangesintheworldofbusinessmayseemsurprisingifwearecompletelyblindtothefuture.Butexpertssaywecanseeatleastpartofitfromwherewestand.Usingchaostheorytounderstandtheinterconnectednessoftheworld—thinkofthe“butterflyeffect”—willhelpusrecognizethecausesofcertain“chancehappenings”andbebetterpreparedtocopewiththem.TakeAsia’sfinancialcrisis.Inthepast,companieswouldhavesaiditwasjustanotherrandomevent.“Thetruthis,manyoftheseseeminglyrandomeventscanaffecttheirbusiness,”saysSanders.Giventheinterconnectednessoftheglobaleconomy,Sanderssays,it’smoreimportantthaneverthatcompaniesbeawareofemergingissuesandquicklydeterminehowtorespond.Buttodoso,theyneedanorganicandevolvingapproachtoplanning.Theoldplanningmodelfocusedon“forecasting”oneorafewpossiblepathsofevents,whilearevolutionaryparadigmcalled“fore-sighting”allowsonetomasterthesituationnomatterhowthefutureturnsout.AccordingtoSanders,understandingthepresentistheprimarystepingaininginsightintothefuture