考试用书2012年职称英语讲义A-B-C

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1英语理工类专用教材精讲第一讲词汇第一部分词汇选项词汇量要求A级:认知6,000个左右的单词;B级:认知5,000个左右的单词;C级:认知4,000个左右的单词。●未加符号标注的词汇和文章为C级考试水平;●标有“*”的词汇和文章为B级考试水平;●标有“﹢”的词汇和文章为A级考试水平。注意:报考B级考试的考生要同时阅读未加符号标注的文章,报考A级考试的考生要同时阅读标有“*”的文章。考生亦可根据自己的实际水平、兴趣及学习时间学习相关文章。1.词汇选项题的考查重点及要求☆考查理解一定语境中的单词或短语意义的能力;☆本部分为15个句子,每个句子中均有1个词或短语带有下划线;☆要求应试者从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。词汇题的答题步骤与技巧答题工具选择技巧:英汉双解词典2.答题步骤技巧:1)先熟后生:把15道题的划线单词浏览一遍,并迅速勾出自己熟悉的词汇或短语,能确定答案的直接选出;2)一步到位:对于陌生的划线单词,直接查字典。3.答题技巧1)根据搭配猜测词义2)根据逻辑关系猜测词义3)利用词缀构词法猜词4)同义词联想记忆法5)根据语境语义猜词6)排除法例题解析1.Westillhaveplentyoftimetodoourwork.Calotof☆afew修饰可数名词,同义表达:acoupleof;some☆alittle修饰不可数名词,同义表达:abitof;some☆alotof既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词,同义表达:plentyof;alargeamountof,alargenumberof;lotsof☆in-否定前缀,如:independent,incredible,incapable,injustice例题解析2.Theyhadtoabandonthematchbecauseofrain.Astop※语境排除法及同义词联想法abandon的同义表达为:leave;quit;giveupquit=stop例题解析+3.Ifyoujointheclubyoumustabidebyitsrules.Dstickto☆keepinmind:remember☆believein:trust☆usedto:usedtodo☆stickto:keepto;follow例题解析*4.Shedidn’texplainexactlywhyshe'stakingtheabruptmove.Dsudden☆takeamove:采取行动☆abrupt:突然的,唐突的☆takeawalk,takeadrink,takeashower2例题解析+5.Thedoctorgaveheraninjectiontoalleviateherpain.Dlessen※根据语境猜词☆构词法:形容词后加en变为动词,如:worse—worsen,wide—widen,broad—broaden,short—shorten例题解析6.Thisisdeadlypoison.Keepitoutofthereachofthechildren.Clethal☆deadly:致命的同义词:fatal—fataldose,fatalinjurylethal—lethalweapons,alethalinjection例题解析7.Thefamousphysicianhadmadeatoughdecision.Bdoctor(psychologist)☆doctor,physician,surgeon,dentistdoctor:泛指各科医生,即一切有行医资格者physician:指医院的内科医生surgeon:指专修外科或专修人体某个部分的外科专科医生,这种医生一般需对患者进行手术治疗cosmeticsurgeon整形美容医师dentist:牙医例题解析*8.Chickensoupisapopularhomeremedyforcolds.Ccure※排除法☆homeremedy:folkprescription民间流传的药方☆remedy的同义词:cure,therapy例题解析9.Mostmoviestarsarenotwillingtodisclosetheirtrueage.Creveal※语义语境法☆构词法:dis-为否定前缀,如:discover,disapprove,disorder例题解析10.I’vehadadreadfulday-everythingseemstohavegonewrong.Bterrible※排除法;语义语境法☆构词法:im-为否定前缀,如:impossible,impolite,improper例题解析*11.Lilydecidedtopostponehertripbecauseherbestfriendissick.Cdefer※排除法;根据逻辑关系猜词☆putupwith:bear,stand忍受,容忍defer:delay,postpone延期,推迟例题解析+12Someoftheanimalscanlivesolitaryandalone.Aisolated※排除法;根据逻辑关系猜词☆solitary:孤独的;独居的isolate:使隔离;使孤立例题解析13.Theboyisalwaysrespectfultoagedpeople.Apolite☆词义区分:respectful:恭敬的,有礼貌的respectable:值得尊敬的respective:分别的,各自的e.g.Mr.Clarkisaveryrespectableprofessor,andweareallrespectfultohim.例题解析14.DoyouthinkthatyoucanfindeternallovethroughtheInternet?Ceverlasting※语义语境法☆extensive:广泛的反义词:intensiveexternal:外部的反义词:internaleternal:permanent,everlasting,lasting,timeless例题解析﹡15.Colleaguesarenotsupposedtomockeachother.Blaughat☆besupposedtodo:应该做某事3bully:欺负,欺凌,侍强凌弱例题解析16.Thefrightenedchildgrippeditsmother’sarm.Dscared☆表示“害怕、恐惧”的词:动词:frighten,terrify,scare形容词:afraid,fearful,panic例题解析17.Nomatterwhatthehusbandsaid,hiswifewashappytobelieve.Awhatever☆whatever,whoever,whichever,whenever,wherever,however都可用来引导状语从句(让步状语从句),其大意为:无论什么(是谁、哪一个、什么时候、什么地方、如何),相当于nomatterwhat(who,which,when,where,how)例题解析18.Regardlessofwhereyoutravel,youwillmissyourhome.Adespite※同义表达联想法regardlessof:不论,不管同义表达为:inspiteof,despite,ignoring例题解析19.Itisverytouchingtoseehowtheparentslovetheirchildren.Amoving※语义语境法☆英语中有一类及物动词,在词尾加-ing或-ed后,词性转为形容词,且意义不同,前者表示令人……;后者表示感到……。这类动词常见的有:interest,surprise,encourage,inspire,frighten,excite,tire,bore,move,satisfy,please,etc.e.g.Heissuchadisappointingboythathisparentsfeelterriblydisappointedathim.例题解析20.Tomshouldbegratefulsinceyoucouldgivehimsomuchhelp.Athankful※根据逻辑关系推测词义☆believable:credible可信的convincing:令人信服的,有说服力的第二讲阅读判断第二部分阅读判断考查重点及要求☆考查识别和判断文章信息☆题目中给出7句话,要求考生根据文章内容做出判断(正、误、未提及)阅读判断答题技巧☆先读题目,后看文章☆题目的顺序和原文的顺序基本一致☆“未提及”的出题形式:1.题目中的信息内容根本未在文章中出现;2.题目中的部分内容信息(部分词语或结构)在文章中出现了,但根据文章中涉及到的这些词语的句子无法判断正确还是错误,则判断为“未提及”。阅读判断题常设考点1.文章开头与结尾处2.段落开头与结尾处3.前后句之间存在特殊意义关系处4.具体细节处阅读判断题解题步骤1.审题2.阅读3.找区别联系4.答题顺序阅读判断题技巧详解1.寻找发现标志性结构,关键词带入;2.关注时间状语、地点状语、数字、人名、地名及组织机构名等核心特征词汇;3.确定修饰词和限定范围;44.注意定语从句的限定和释义作用;5.利用同义词的互换和不同形式的同义表述;6.警惕表示“绝对”或者“相对”含义的词;7.忠于原文的表述,不能主观臆断;8.注意提及和未提及的原因和条件等。例题解析第一篇3DScannerMeanstheEndofIll-fittingJeans3D扫描仪意味着不合身牛仔裤的结束Findingtheperfectpairofjeansusuallyrequirespatience,luckandseveralfrustratinghoursbehindachangingroom(更衣室)curtain.Buttheprocesscouldsoonbecomemuchsimplerthankstoarevolutionarymachinewhichhelpswomenchoosetherightsize,shapeandcut(式样).Previouslyavailableonlyinhigh-end(高端的)shops,a3Dbodyscannerisbeingtrialedonthehighstreet(商业街)——andpromisestopointshopperstodenim(斜纹粗棉布)thatfitsandflatters.The£35,000machinecouldbethesolutionforwomenwhowanttofollowCarolVorderman’sleadwithjeansthatsuittheirshapeandflattertheircurves,butwhodon’thavetimetotryondozensofpairs.Usingdigitalwhitelight,thescannertakesmeasurements(量尺寸)from16anglesandcreatesagraphicofthecustomer’sbodyshapeinseconds.Withthehelpofshopstaff,theimagecanthenbeusedtoidentify(确定)jeansthataretheidealsizeandstyle.Thescanner,whichisaround10fttalland5ftwide,isalreadyinuseattheManchesterArndaleshoppingcentreandisbeingtestedbyfashionchainPeacocks,withotherhighstreetstoresexpectedtofollowsuit.DebsHatfield,styleadviser(时装顾问)atManchesterArn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