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1Passage1OnemotivationalanalystwhobecamecurioustoknowtherehadbeensuchagreatriseinimpulsebuyingatsupermarketswasJamesVicary.Hesuspectedthatsomespecialpsychologymustbegoingoninsidethewomenastheyshoppedinsupermarkets.Hissuspicionwasthatperhapstheyunderwentsuchanincreaseintensionwhenconfrontedwithsomanypossibilitiesthattheywereforcedintomakingquickpurchases.Hesetouttofindoutifthiswastrue.Thebestwaytodetectwhatwasgoingoninsidetheshopperwasthroughtheuseofagalvanometerorliedetector.Thatobviouslywasimpractical.Thenextbestthingwastouseahiddenmotion-picturecameraandrecordtheeye-blinkrateofthewomenastheyshopped.Howfastapersonblinkshiseyesisaprettygoodindexofhisstateofinnertension.Theaverageperson,accordingtoMr.Vicary,normallyblinkshiseyesabout32timesaminute.Ifheistense,heblinksthemmorefrequently;and,underextremetension,hemayblinkupto50or60times.Ifheisnotablyrelaxed,ontheotherhand,hiseye-blinkratemaydroptoasubnormaltwentyorless.Mr.Vicarysetuphiscamerasandstartedfollowingtheladiesastheyenteredthestore.Theresultswerestartling,eventohim.Theireye-blinkrate,insteadofgoinguptoindicatemountingtension,wentdownanddown,toaverysubnormalfourteenblinksaminute.TheladiesfellintowhatMr.Vicarycallsahypnoidaltrance,alightkindoftrancethat,heexplains,isthefirststageofhypnosis.Mr.Vicaryhasdecidedthatthemaincauseofthetranceisthatthesupermarketispackedwithproductswhichinformeryearswouldhavebeenitemsonlykingsandqueenscouldhaveaffordedandhereinthisfairylandtheywereavailabletoall.Mr.Vicarytheorizes:“Justwithinthisgeneration,anyonecanbeakingorqueenandgothroughthesestoreswheretheproductssay‘buyme,buyme’.”1Vicary’scuriositywasarousedbythefactthat_________.A.therewasadecreaseinsalesinsupermarketsB.womenwereshowingstrongresistancetoproductsinsupermarketsC.thereseemedtobenologicinwomen’sbuyinghabitsD.womenwereshoppingverycarefully2Accordingtothearticle,eye-blinkrateisanindicationof________.A.thetruthorfalsityofastatementB.thementalabilityofapersonC.bloodpressureD.theemotionalstateofaperson3Mr.Vicary’stest________________.A.provedhisoriginalhypothesistobetrueB.provedthatthetensionofawomanshopper,afterenteringthestore,decreasedratherthanincreasedC.nullifiedtheeye-blinkrateasameasurementoftensionD.showedthatawoman’sreactiontotheproductsinasupermarketisimpossibletodetermine4Afterhistests,Mr.Vicaryconcludedthat_____________.A.shoppingwasapttocreateseriousnervousdisordersB.asupermarketisafantasticplace2C.womenareentrancedbythemanywonderfulitemsavailableinsupermarketsD.womendevelopaninferioritycomplexwheninsupermarkets5Impliedbutnotstated:_______________.A.QuickpurchasesaretheresultofinnertensionB.ThefirststageofhypnosisisalighttranceC.ResearchconductedbymotivationanalysiscandisprovetheiroriginalpremisesD.SupermarketsseekingafairylandatmosphereshouldinstallhiddenmoviecamerasPassage2Inscience,atheoryisareasonableexplanationofobservedeventsthatarerelated.Atheoryofteninvolvesanimaginarymodelthathelpsscientistspicturethewayanobservedeventcouldbeproduced.Agoodexampleofthisisfoundinthekineticmoleculartheory,inwhichgasesarepicturedasbeingmadeupofmanysmallparticlesthatareinconstantmotion.Ausefultheory,inadditiontoexplainingpastobservations,helpstopredicteventsthathavenotasyetbeenobserved.Afteratheoryhasbeenpublicized,scientistsdesignexperimentstotestthetheory.Ifobservationsconfirmthescientists’predictions,thetheoryissupported.Ifobservationsdonotconfirmthepredictions,thescientistsmustsearchfurther.Theremaybeafaultintheexperiment,orthetheorymayhavetoberevisedorrejected.Scienceinvolvesimaginationandcreativethinkingaswellascollectinginformationandperformingexperiments.Factsbythemselvesarenotscience.AsthemathematicianJulesHenriPoincaresaid:“Scienceisbuiltwithfactsjustasahouseisbuiltwithbricks,butacollectionoffactscannotbecalledscienceanymorethanapileofbrickscanbecalledahouse.”Mostscientistsstartaninvestigationbyfindingoutwhatotherscientistshavelearnedaboutaparticularproblem.Afterknownfactshavebeengathered,thescientistcomestothepartoftheinvestigationthatrequiresconsiderableimagination.Possiblesolutionstotheproblemareformulated.Thesepossiblesolutionsarecalledhypotheses.Inaway,anyhypothesisisaleapintotheunknown.Itextendsthescientist’sthinkingbeyondtheknownfacts.Thescientistplansexperiments,performscalculations,andmakesobservationstotesthypotheses.Forwithouthypotheses,furtherinvestigationlackspurposeanddirection.Whenhypothesesareconfirmed,theyareincorporatedintotheories.6“Bricks”arementionedinParagraph3toindicatehow_________.A.mathematiciansapproachscienceB.buildingahouseislikeperformingexperimentsC.scienceismorethanacollectionoffactsD.scientificexperimentshaveledtoimprovedtechnology7Inthefourthparagraph,theauthorimpliesthatimaginationismostimportanttoscientistswhenthey________.A.evaluatepreviousworkonaproblem3B.formulatepossiblesolutionstoaproblemC.gatherknownfactsD.closeaninvestigation8Inthelastparagraph,theauthorreferstohypothesisas“aleapintotheunknown”inordertoshowthathypotheses________________.A.aresometimesill-conceivedB.canleadtodangerousresultsC.gobeyondavailablefac