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第三单元PPT部分：单词：(1)analogelectronics模拟电子技术semiconductormaterial半导体材料emitter(E)发射极base(B)基极collector(C)集电极MOS(Metal-OxideSemiconductor)金属氧化物半导体(5)enhancementMOStransistor增强型MOS管(6)exhaustedMOStransistor耗尽型MOS管unipolartransistor单极型晶体管(2)bipolartransistor双极型晶体管saturated饱和的(12)anti-clockwise逆时针方向notch凹槽(15)solder焊接(13)heatsink散热片(14)holder插座chipholder芯片插座screwdriver螺丝起子motherboard主板，母板grid(g)栅极source(s)源极drain(d)漏极breakthrough突破thebasicamplifiercircuit基本放大电路multi-stageamplifiercircuit多级放大电路integratedoperationalamplifierscircuit集成运算放大器operationalamplifierscircuit运算放大电路poweramplifiercircuit功率放大器biascircuit偏置电路rectification整流regulation稳压DCpowersupply直流电源feedbackamplifier反馈放大器signalgeneratorcircuit信号产生电路signalprocessingcircuit信号处理电路wafer晶片(16)pin引脚stripboard条形焊接板breadboard面包板(3)transistoreffect晶体管效应(4)basecurrent基极电流(7)PchannelP沟道(8)analogintegratedcircuit模拟集成电路(9)digitalintegratedcircuit数字集成电路(10)DCcircuit直流电路(11)amplifiercircuit放大器翻译：（1）Accordingtothevoltagecondition,therearetwokindsofMOStransistors:enhancementandexhausted.根据MOS管的工作电压，可分为两种：增强型和耗尽型MOS晶体管。（2）Basedontransistors,variouscircuitsaremanufacturedwhichinvolvepracticalamplifiers,biasingcircuits,operationalamplifierscircuit,andothercircuits:rectification,regulationandDCpowersupplies.以晶体管为基础，可以制成各种不同的电路，包括实用放大器、偏置电路，运算放大器，还有整流电路、稳压电路和直流电源。（3）今天我们更多地用金属氧化物半导体（MOS）晶体管来做集成电路。Nowadays,moreandmoremetal-oxide-semiconductortransistorsareusedtomakeintegratedcircuits.（4）一般的集成电路芯片的引脚个数有14脚、20脚、28脚、甚至更多。他们大多以逆时针方向排列。Generalintegratedcircuitchipshave14pins,20pins,28pins,orevenmore.Mostofthepinsarearrangedanti-clockwise.课本部分：模电介绍Therealelectronicswhatitiscalledtodaywasactuallystartedafterthediscoveryofthetransistoreffect.今天所说的电子技术实际上是在发现晶体管效应以后开始（发展）的。Shockley,Brattain,Bardeenetc.inBellLabsrecognizetheamplificationeffectinsemiconductorsthroughaseriesofexperimentsandobservation.Smallchangesofweakcurrentwillhaveahugeimpact,whichisthezoomeffect.肖克利，巴丁，布拉顿组成的贝尔实验室在半导体中通过一系列的实验和观察发现了放大效应。弱电流很小的变化将产生巨大的影响，就是“放大”效应。Transistoropenedtheroadfortheelectronicsandmoreimportantlyitopenedtheroadforthecomputingworld.Computersofvarioustypesstartedhittingthemarketandtheresearchworksgotaboost.晶体管为电子技术开辟了道路，更重要的是它为计算机世界开辟了道路。各种类型的计算机开始在市场上出现，研究工作进入一个迅速发展的时代。Transistoristhefundamentalbuildingblockofmodernelectronicdevices,andisusedinradio,telephone,computerandotherelectronicsystems.晶体管是现代电子设备的基本构建块，应用于无线电，电话，电脑和其他电子系统。Transistorisoftencitedasbeingoneofthegreatestachievementsinthe20thcentury,andsomeconsideritoneofthemostimportanttechnologicalbreakthroughsinhumanhistory.晶体管通常被认为是20世纪最伟大的成就之一，有时也被认为是人类历史上最重要的技术突破之一。Atransistorismadeofasolidpieceofasemiconductormaterial,withatleastthreeterminalsconnectedtoanexternalcircuit.Therearetwotypesofstandardbipolartransistors,NPNandPNP,withdifferentcircuitsymbols(Fig.4-1).Thelettersrefertolayersofsemiconductormaterialused.TheNPNbipolartransistorconsistsofanN-typebase(B),andanN-typecollector(C).晶体管是由一块固态半导体材料和至少有三个连接到外部回路的终端组成。有两种类型的标准的双极型晶体管，用不同的回路符号表示，ＮＰＮ和ＰＮＰ。这些字母涉及到半导体材料的使用层次。ＮＰＮ双极型半导体由一个Ｎ型发射极（Ｅ），一个Ｐ型基极（Ｂ）和一个Ｎ型集电极（C）组成。Inelectronics,atransistorisasemiconductordevicecommonlyusedtoamplifyorswitchelectronicsignals.在电子技术领域中，晶体管一般是用作放大或开关电信号的一个半导体装置。Thecommonemitteramplifierisdesignedsothatasmallchangeinvoltagein(Vin)changesthesmallbasecurrentandthecollectorcurrenthugelychanges.ThepropertiesofthecircuitmeanthatsmallswingsinVinproducelargechangesinVout.共射放大器的设计，使很小的输入电压变化引起基极电流小的变化和集电极电流很大的变化。这种性质是指电路在输入电压很小的波动下产生输出电压很大的变化。Variousconfigurationsofsingletransistoramplifierarepossible,withsomeprovidingcurrentgain,somevoltagegain,andsomeboth.各种单晶体管放大器配置是可行的，有提供电流增益的，提供电压增益的等。Whenatransistorisusedasaswitch,itmustbeeitherOFForfullyON.InthefullyONstatethevoltageVCEisalmostzeroandwesaythatthetransistorissaturated,becauseitcannotpassanymorecollectorcurrentIc.Theoutputdeviceswitchedbythetransistorisusuallycalledthe'load'当晶体管作为开关使用时，必须关闭或全开。在饱和状态的VCE电压几乎为零，我们说，晶体管饱和，是因为它不能在集成电路中通过任何更多的集电极电流。由晶体管开关组成的输出装置通常被称为“负载”。Presently,themostpopulartechnologyforrealizingmicrocircuitsmakesuseofMOStransistors.italsohasthreepolars，whicharegrid，drainandsourcerespectively.用来实现微电路的最通用的技术是利用MOS管。它有三个极，分别是栅极，漏极和源极。Accordingtothevoltagecondition,therearetwokindsofMOStransistor:enhancementandexhausted.thesymbolsforenhancementMOStransistorsandexhaustedMOStransistorsareshowninfig.4-3.根据MOS管的工作电压，可分为两种：增强型和耗尽型MOS晶体管。增强型MOS管和耗尽型MOS管的符号如图4-3。BasedontransistorsandMOStransistors,variouscircuitsaremanufacturedwhichinvolvebasicamplifiercircuit,multi-stageamplifiercircuit,integratedoperationalamplifiercircuit,poweramplifiercircuit,rectificationcircuit,regulationcircuit,feedbackamplifier,signalprocessingcircuit,DCpowersupply,andsoon.基于晶体管和MOS晶体管，各种各样的电路被制造出来，涉及到基本放大电路、偏置电路、多级放大电路、集成运算放大电路、功率放大电路、整流电路、稳压电路、反馈放大电路、信号处理电路、信号发生电路、直流电源等等。整流Someotherproblemswerealsothereliketheassemblingoftheelectroniccomponentsonasinglemotherboard.JackKilbyinTexasInstrumentsfoundaverynicesolution.Hesuggestedthrowingawayallthewiresandtriedtoconnecttheresistors,capacitorsandtransistorsonthesamepieceofwaferinternally.Surprising