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5.1数词的译法第1节翻译练习1Liquidbromineboilsat58°Catwhichtemperatureitchangesintoareddish-browngas.Movetothenextoperationafterthevoltagereaches150V.Testshaveshownthattheenergysavingcanriseabout40percent.液态溴在58摄氏度时沸腾，在这个温度它变成红褐色的气体。等电压到了150伏时，进行下一个操作。试验证明，能量节约可增加40%左右。第1节翻译练习2Ofmanythousandssparepartsdoesnotcomeuptothestandardbutone.Alotofcountieshavesetuppowerstations,chemicalfertilizerplantsandahundredandoneotherfactories.Theperiodictablecontainsmorethanonehundredchemicalelementsbelongingtoeightfamilies.在几千个备件中，只有一个不合格。许多县已建立了发电站、化肥厂以及许多别的工厂。元素周期表由属于8个族的100多个化学元素组成。Thesematerialsbecomequitesoftandflexiblebelow150°C.Anincreaseintheoxygencontentofcoalby1%reducesthatcalorificvaluebysome1.7%.Nearly25neurotransmittershavebeenfoundsofar.这些材料在150摄氏度以下变得十分柔软、易于弯曲。煤的含氧量每增加1%，其热值就下降约1.7%。迄今为止，已经发现了大约25种神经传递素。第1节翻译练习3Withtheresultofautomation,productivityhasincreasedby5timesinthatfactory.Thesalesofindustrialelectronicproductshaveincreasedtosixtimes.Theoutputofthemachinetoolshasmultipliedfourtimes.Thecurrenthasincreasedbyafactorofthree.由于自动化的结果，那个工厂的生产率提高到5倍。工业电子产品的销售额增加了5倍。机床产量增加了3倍。电流增加了2倍。第1节翻译练习4Thistypeoffurnaceuses4timesmoreelectricitythanthattypedoes.Thisrodis4timeslongerthanthatone.Theoxygenatomisnearly16timesasheavyasthehydrogenatom.这种炉的耗电量是那种炉耗电量的4倍。这根杆比那根长3倍。氧原子的原子量几乎是氢原子量的16倍。Theatomicweightofheliumisfourtimesheavierthanthatofhydrogen.Inrollingbearingthestartingfrictionisabouttwicetherunningfriction.氦原子量比氢原子量重3倍。滚动轴承的启动摩擦大概是转动摩擦的2倍。第1节翻译练习5Theleadsofthenewcondenserareshortenedbysixtimes.Theoperationofcostdecreasedbyfivetimes.Thelossofelectricitywasreducedbyafactoroffour.Thepipeisfourtimeslighterthanthatone.新型电容器的引线缩短了5/6。成本运行降至1/5。这根管子重量是那根的1/4。电损减少了3/4。第1节翻译练习6Weldstrengthcanbeincreasedby45percent.Testshaveshownthattheenergyconsumingcanbereducedby30percent.Thelossofenergyhasbeenreducedtolessthan10percent.焊接强度可增加45%。试验证明，能量消耗可减低30%。能量损耗可减至不足10%。Itsgrainoutputwas18percenthigherthanthatin1998.Thesteeloutputis30percenthigherthanthatoflastyear.其粮食产量比1998年高出18%。钢产比去年增加了30%。第1节翻译练习7Tentoone,theexperimentisunlikelytoproducegoodresults.Thesefiguresshowthattheimprovementofmolecularrefractioniswithinafactoroften.十有八九，这项试验不可能得出好的结果。这些数字表明分子折射度的改进值为一个数量级。5.2形容词的译法第2节翻译练习1Suitabletreatmentshallbegivenassoonaspossibletoavoidhydrogenembrittlement.Complexcomputersystemsarepronetosoftwarehitches.Thepartsmustbeverystrongsothattheymaynotbreakinuse.Thiskindofsteelbecomesveryhardandverybrittlewhenhardened.尽快予以适当的处理，以免氢蚀脆化。复杂的计算机系统容易出现软件故障。零件必须十分坚固，才不会在使用中破损。这种钢淬火后就变得很硬很脆。第2节翻译练习2Hydrogenisaboutone-fourteenthasdenseasair.Heliumisaverylightgas,onlytwiceasheavyashydrogen.Icefloatsbecauseitisnotasdenseaswater.氢的密度大约是空气密度的1/14。氦气是一种很轻的气体，重量仅为氢气的2倍。冰浮起是因为它的密度比水的密度小。第2节翻译练习3Inthethermosciencesarea,themechanicalengineerisconcernedwiththermodynamics,fluidmechanics,andheattransfer.Thisinalargemeasureisresponsibleforthehighaccuracyobtainablefromsuchsystems.Thetransmissionratioisdependentupontheratioofthenumberofteethofthemeshinggearwheels.在热学领域，机械工程师关心的是热力学、流体力学和传热学。在很大程度上，这是从这类系统中获得高精度的原因。传动比取决于两个啮合齿轮的齿数比。Oncetheengineisunderway,theseauxiliariesareturnedoff.发动机一旦启动，这些辅助设备就关闭了。第2节翻译练习4Recentdiscoverieshavebeenmadeconcerningthepeculiarpropertiesofcertainsemiconductors.Researchanddevelopmentisofparticularimportancetoaerospaceindustry.Incopperandmostpuremetalsthereisanappreciableincreaseinresistancewithanincreaseintemperature.最近，对于某些半导体的奇怪特性有一些发现。研究和发展对航空航天工业非常重要。在铜和大部分纯金属中，随着温度的升高，电阻也会明显增大。Oneofthedrawbacksoftheearlylaserswastheirinabilityofcontinuousoperation.Thesemetalionsinterferewithelectronflowandcauseagreatdecreaseinelectronmotion.Lubricatingoilsareusedtoensurethesmoothrunningofthemachine.早期激光器的缺点之一是它不能连续工作。这些金属离子阻碍电子流动，引起电子运动大幅减弱。使用润滑油是为了确保机器正常运转。第2节翻译练习5Themostcommonapplicationforbearingisthesupportofarotatingshaftthatistransmittingpowerfromonelocationtoanother.TheWorldWideWebisauniquemediumforcommunicationandforpublishing.轴承最常见的应用是支撑旋转轴将功率从一处传至另一处。万维网是一个独特的通讯和出版媒体。第2节翻译练习6Apracticalmeansoftransferringgeothermalenergyistoconvertittoelectricpower.Anelectron,ifmoving,producesamagneticfield.将地热能转变成电能是输送这种能量的一种切实可行的办法。电子如果运动，就会产生磁场。第2节翻译练习7Needlebearingshaveahighloadcapacity.Considerableeffortmustbeexpendedtoensureconsistentblastvolume,humidityandtemperature.滚针轴承的承载能力大。还要在确保风量、湿度和温度稳定方面做出相当大的努力。第2节翻译练习8Thegearteethshouldhavethestrengthsufficienttooperate.We’lldoeverythingpossibletoimprovethesupplyofelectricity.Wehopeeverythingreadyfortheoperation.Scientistshavefoundamethodofmeasurementsuitableformostislandwatersandcoastalareas.齿轮的齿必须具备足够的运转强度。我们将尽一切努力来改善电力供应。我们希望一切在开工之前就绪。科学家们已经找到了一种适合大多数岛屿的近海和沿海地区的测量方法。Coalisakindoffuelsuitableforpowergeneration.TheonlytransformeravailableisproducedinShanghai.煤是一种适合发电的燃料。唯一可用的变压器是上海产的。第2节翻译练习9Theresistanceoftheloadistoohighfortheamplifier.Forthisreasontheswitchingsignalshouldbenosteeperorlargerthannecessary.Thecapacitytostorewaterintheirleavesistypicalofdesertplant.Heisquitefamiliarwithstatefunction.负载的电阻对于放大器来说太高。因此激励信号的斜率及宽度不应超过所要求的数值。在叶子中储存水的能力是沙漠植物的特性。他非常熟悉状态函数。第3节翻译练习1Desertedsoilsaresparselycoveredwithshr