科技英语翻译答案

1科技英语翻译1.1翻译的标准第1节翻译练习1Thepowerplantistheheartofaship.Thepowerunitfordrivingthemachinesisa50-hpinductionmotor.动力装置是船舶的心脏。驱动这些机器的动力装置是一台50马力的感应电动机。第1节翻译练习2Semiconductordevices,calledtransistors,arereplacingtubesinmanyapplications.Crampedconditionsmeansthatpassengers’legscannotmovearoundfreely.Allbodiesareknowntopossessweightandoccupyspace.半导体装置也称为晶体管，在许多场合替代电子管。我们知道，所有的物体都有重量并占据空间。空间狭窄，旅客的两腿就不能自由活动。第1节翻译练习3Theremovalofmineralsfromwateriscalledsoftening.Atypicalfoliageleafofaplantbelongingtothedicotyledonsiscomposedoftwoprincipalparts:bladeandpetiole.去除水中的矿物质叫做软化。双子叶植物典型的营养叶由两个主要部分组成：叶片和叶柄。1.2对译者的要求第4节翻译练习1Einstein’srelativitytheoryistheonlyonewhichcanexplainsuchphenomena.Allfour(outerplanets)probablyhavecoresofmetals,silicates,andwater.爱因斯坦的相对论是能解释这种现象的唯一理论。（直译）这四颗外层行星的内核可能都由金属、硅酸盐和水构成。（意译）Thedesignermusthaveaccesstostocklistsofthematerialsheemploys.Partadjustmentandrepairmustbeperformedonregularbasisifanacceptableprintedproductistobetheendproduct.设计师必须备有所使用材料的储备表。（意译）要使印刷品的质量达到要求，部件调试及修理就必须定期进行。（意译）第4节翻译练习2Themostimportantofthefactorsaffectingplantgrowthisthatitrequiresthesupplyofwater.Thedoctoranalyzedthebloodsampleforanemia.Theapparentchangeinsizeofthesuniscausedbydustintheairnearthehorizon.植物生长的各因素中最重要的是水的供应。（合译）太阳的大小看起来有变化，这是由于靠近地平线的空气中有尘粒而引起的。（分译）医生对血样作了分析，看是不是贫血症。（分译）Thesefragmentsofrockandironrangefromthousandkilometersindiametertolessthanone.Manufacturingprocessesmaybeclassifiedasunitproductionwithsmallquantitiesbeingmadeandmassproductionwithlargenumbersofidenticalpartsbeingproduced.这些石块和铁块的碎片大小不等，大的直径有1000公里，小的不到1公里。（分译）制造过程可以分为单件生产和大量生产。前者指的是生产少量的零件，后者则是指生产大量相同的零件。（分译）第4节翻译练习3Cartographyisthescienceofmakingmaps.Manyelementsinnaturearefoundtobemixturesofdifferentisotopes.制图学是研究绘制地图的科学。（增译）人们发现，自然界里许多元素，都是各种不同的同位素的混合物。（增译）Thetwounitsusedmostfrequentlyinelectricityareampereandvolt:thisistheunitofvoltageandthatofcurrent.Thatlikechargesrepelbutoppositechargesattractisoneofthefundamentallawsofelectricity.电学上最常用的两个单位是安培和伏特：后者是电压的单位，前者是电流的单位。（增译）同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸是电学的一个基本规律。（省译）第4节翻译练习4Almostanyinsulatedbodyprocessestosomeextenttheabilitytoretainforatimeanelectriccharge.Theangularcontactbearingprovidesagreaterthrustcapacity.Thepropertiesoftheweldcanbealteredbyvaryingthegrainorientation.几乎任何一种绝缘体都多少具有保留电荷一段时间的能力。向心推力轴承有较大的轴向承载能力。通过改变晶粒的方向可以改变焊缝的性能。2.1词义的选择第1节翻译练习1Thespindlerotatessimultaneouslyroundtwoaxesatrightanglestoeachother.Theearthisn’tcompletelyround;itisslightlyflattenedatthepoles.Ineachroundofoperationtheparticlepicksupenergyfromtheoscillatingelectricfield.锭子同时绕两个互相垂直的轴旋转。（介词）粒子每运转一周都从振荡电场获取新的能量。（名词）地球并非完全是圆的，它的两极略扁平。（形容词）Anelectronisanextremelysmallcorpusclewithnegativechargewhichroundsaboutthenucleusofanatom.Herwaistmeasuresfortyinchesround.电子是绕原子核转动且带有负电荷的极其微小的粒子。（动词）她腰围40英寸。（副词）第1节翻译练习2Rateofpenetrationwasfoundtobeproportionaltothenetpressureappliedbythetool.Scientistsareconstantlystrivingtofindfastandconvenientwayofobtainingquantitativedata.Tofindtheareaofasquareoroblong,youmerelymultiplyitslengthbyitswidth.Certainisotopesarenotfoundinnature.人们发现钻孔速度与工具所受的净压力成正比。求一正方形或长方形的面积，你只需将其长度乘以宽度。科学家们总是力求找到快速而简便的方法获得定量数据。有些同位素在自然界中并不存在。Newfibersfindexpandingapplicationsinengineeringandindustry.KangaroosarefoundinAustralia.Thisplantisfoundintheseanearthemouthofrivers.Microcomputershavefoundtheirapplicationintheproductionofgeniussensors.Plasticsfindwideapplicationinourdailylife.大袋鼠产于澳大利亚。这种植物生长在近河口的海中。新发明的纤维在工程和工业领域得到越来越广泛的应用。微型计算机已经应用于智能传感器的生产中。塑料在我们的日常生活中得到广泛应用。第2节翻译练习1Thecauseofrollingresistanceisthedeformationofmatingsurfacesoftherollingelementandtheracewayonwhichitrolls.Traditionally,NCprogramminghasbeenperformedofflinewiththemachinecommandsbeingcontainedonapunchedtape.Theoccurrenceoflargematsoffloatingalgaemayresultinthedeathofmanyfishfromlackofoxygen.滚动阻力的起因在于滚动体的配合面和它滚动的滚道的变形。（技术性引申）通常，数控机床的编程是脱机完成的，指令载于穿孔带上。（技术性引申）大片大片漂浮的藻类的出现导致很多鱼因缺氧而死亡。（修辞引申）Thesplittingoftheuraniumorplutoniumnucleusisaccompaniedbythereleaseofveryconsiderableamountofenergy.Themajorcontributorsincomponenttechnologyhavebeeninthesemiconductor.Thedistancebetweenthetwoplatesissmallcomparedwiththeirlineardimensions.Justasdifferentsolidsandliquidsvaryindensity,sodogasesandvapors.元件技术中起主要作用的是半导体元件。（具体化引申）两板之间的距离相对于其宽度和长度而言比较小。（具体化引申）随着铀核和钚核的裂变，会有极其巨大的能量释放处理。（修辞性引申）正像不同的固体和液体的密度不同一样，不同的气体和蒸汽的密度也不同。（具体化引申）TheCuriesbelievedthattherewassomethinginnaturethatgaveoutradiation.Obviously,thereismuchroomfortheimprovementinthestructure.Atpresentcoalisthemostcommonfoodofasteamplant.Thefactshavebeensetdowninblackandwhite.显然，其结构还有较大的改进余地。（抽象化引申）目前，煤是火电厂最常用的能源。（抽象化引申）居里夫妇坚信，自然界中有一种物质能放出辐射能。（具体化引申）这些事实已经清清楚楚地记录下来了。（抽象化引申）2.3词类的转换第3节翻译练习1Eachtimeasamplewasdrawnforcolordetermination.WhatiscertainisthattheoilspillhasdeliveredadevastatingblowtotheecologyofthePersianGulf.Weshouldgetfamiliarwithdifferentsystemsofunits.每次取一个标本测定颜色。可以肯定，这场石油泄漏事件对波斯湾的生态是个惨重的打击。我们应该熟悉各种（计量）单位制。Thesedecision-makingprocessesareapplicabletotheentirefieldofengineeringdesign---notjusttomechanicalengineeringdesign.Hydrogeninsteadofairisfrequentlyusedforcoolinglargeturbogenerators.Whenth