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初三英语被动语态一.概念：表示动作与主语之间是被动关系的句子是被动语态。二.主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换WeVisitedthatfactorylastsummer主动语态主语谓语宾语状语Thatfactorywasvisitedbyuslastsummer被动语态主语谓语宾语状语三.各种不同时态的主动语态与被动语态的对比时态主动语态被动语态一般现在时am/is/are+P.P.（1）DotheyspeakFrench?（2）Theydon’tusetheroom.IsFrenchspokenbythem?Theroomisn’tusedbythem.一般过去时was/were+p.p.（1）Thehunterkilledatiger.（2）Hewrotemanystorieslastyear.Atigerwaskilledbythehunter.Manystorieswaswrittenbyhimlastyear.现在进行时am/is/are+being+p.p.（1）Theseworkersarebuildinganewbridge.（2）Heismendinghiscar.Anewbridgeisbeingbuiltbytheseworkers.Hiscarisbeingmendedbyhim.现在完成时have/has+been+p.p.（1）ShehaslearnedmanyEnglishwords.（2）Hehasfinishedthework.ManyEnglishwordshavebeenlearnedbyher.Theworkhasbeenfinishedbyhim.一般将来时shall/willbe+p.p.（1）Ishallmakeaplan.（2）Theyaregoingtofixtheradioinanhour.Aplanwillbemadebyme.Theradioisgoingtobefixedbytheminanhour.情态动词can/may/must/should+be+p.p.（1）Weshouldhandinourhomework.（2）YoumustanswerthequestioninEnglish.Ourhomeworkshouldbehandedinbyus.ThequestionmustbeansweredinEnglishbyyou.注意：被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加not，短语动词的被动态不可漏掉其中介副词。固定结构begoingto,usedto,haveto,hadbetter变为被动态时，只需将其后的动词变为被动态。如：Treesshouldnotbeplantedinsummer.Newspapersusedtobesentherebythelittlegirl.四.如何正确使用被动语态1.有些动词带有两个宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语，变被动语态时，可把其中一个宾语变成主语，另一个留在被动结构谓语后面。需要注意的是：若把直接宾语变成被动语态的主语，需要在间接宾语之间加上介词“to”。eg.Heoftentellsusinterestingstories.（主动语态）.himbyustotoldoftenarestoriesgInterestin.himbystoriesginterestintoldoftenareWe（被动语态）▲常带双宾语的词有：tell,show,lend,pass等。2.在主动语态中，某些动词之后带有复合宾语，即宾语和宾语补足语，这个复合宾语由动词不定式来充当，to被省略，但在被动语态中，这个to还要还原。eg.Ioftenhearhersingthispopularsong.（主动语态）复合宾语宾语补足语宾语Sheisoftenheardtosingthispopularsong.（被动语态）▲有这种用法的常用动词有：make,let,see,hear,watch,feel,notice等。3.有些“be+过去分词”的结构并不是被动语态，它们有可能是“系表结构（即系动词之后由过去分词来充当表语）。”比较：（1）)()(.FengpingbyclosedisdoorThe.closedisdoorThe被动语态。这个门是由冯平来关的系表结构门是关着的。（2）)()(.MarybybrokenwasglassThe.brokenisglassThe被动语态。的这个玻璃杯是玛丽弄坏系表结构。这个玻璃杯是坏的▲下面主动形式常表示被动意义：如：Thewindowwants/needs/requiresrepairing.Thebookisworthreadingtwice.Thedoorwon’tshut./Theplaywon’tact.Theclotheswasheswell./Thebooksellswell.Thedishtastesdelicious./Waterfeelsverycold4.只有及物动词和可有宾语的动词+介词词组才可以有被动语态。eg.)()(.ChinainplacetakenbeenhavechangesGreat.ChinainplacetakenhavechangesGreat错误正确)()(.seadeeptheinddisappearewasdolphinThe.seadeeptheinddisappearedolphinThe错误正确▲下面词或短语没有被动态：leave,enter,reach,become,benefit,cost,equal,contain,last,lack,fit,fail,have,appear,happen,occur,belongto,takeplace,breakout,comeabout,agreewith,keepupwith,consistof,haveon,loseheart等等。练习：一.1.AtalkonChinesehistoryintheschoolhallnextweek.A.begivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.willgive2.Tomakeourcitymorebeautiful,rubbishintotheriver.A.needn’tbethrownB.mustn’tbethrownC.can’tthrowD.maynotthrow3.Youmaygofishingifyourwork.A.isdoneB.willbedoneC.hasdoneD.havedone4.Thetreesmustthreetimesaweek.A.waterB.iswateringC.bewateredD.waters5.—Iwon’tcometothepartyunlessSue,too.—YoumeanifSuecomesyou’llcome?A.willinviteB.invitesC.invitedD.isinvited6.Ilikemynewbike.Itverywell.A.ridesB.isridingC.isriddenD.hasridden7.Mr.Chenhasalondvoice.Hisvoicecanclearlyeveninthatbigclassroom.A.hearB.beheardC.behearingD.haveheard8.—It’stimetodoyourhomework,Jack.—Yes,Mum.I’llturnofftheTVassoonastheprogramme.A.endsB.endC.willbeendedD.willend9.Youtothemeeting,whydidn’tyougo?A.beinvitedB.willbeinvitedC.wereinvitedD.areinvited10.Alotoftreesalongtheriverlastyear.A.plantedB.areplantedC.wereplanted二.选择填空1.TheriverssmellsterriblePeoplemustdirtythingsintoit.A.bestoppedtothrowB.bestoppedfromthrowingC.stoptothrowD.stopformthrowing2.PaperfirstinventedinChina.A.isB.areC.wasD.were3.—Doyouliketheflower?—Yes,itsweet.A.issmellingB.smeltC.issmeltD.smells4.Itsnowedheavilylastnight.Thegroundthicksnow.A.wascoveredwithB.wasfilledwithC.wasmadeofD.coveredwith5.Thelightintheroombeforeyouleave.A.mustturnofB.willturnoffC.areturnedD.mustbeturnedoff6.thekindofquestionofteninyourclass,Ann?A.Does,askB.Is,askedC.Has,askedD.Will,ask7.Thebridgeinthreeweeks.A.willbuildB.isbuiltC.willbebuiltD.builds8.Theoldmenandthechildrenmustinourcountry.A.takegoodcareB.betakengoodcareC.takegoodcareofD.betakengoodcareof9.Pauldoesn’thavetobemadeHealwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning10.Thegirlwasunhappybecauseshebysomeboysintheclass.A.islaughedB.waslaughedC.laughedatD.waslaughedat11.WethattheEnglishtestnextMonday.A.aretold,givesB.tell,willgiveC.aretold,willbegivenD.told,isgoingtobegiven12.GreatchangesplaceinChinasince1978.A.havebeentakenB.havetakenC.hasbeentakenD.took13.theredpencil-boxbyyourfatherlastweek?A.Has,boughtB.Was,boughtC.Does,buyD.Did,buy14.Marymanysongsattheparty.A.heardsingB.heardtosingC.washeardsingD.washeardtosing15.treesusuallyinApril?A.Have,plantedB.Are,plantedC.Do,plantD.Were,planted16.Whenwegotthere,thebrokenroadrepaired.A.isbeingB.wasbeingC.hasbeenD./17.Thewindowsoftheroomonceaweek.A.hasbeencleanedB.iscleanedC.arecleanedD.arecleaning18.In1620,abouthalftheUSAforests.A.wascoveredB.wascoveredbyC.werefilledwithD.coveredwith19.Theyoungtreethestick.A.shouldbetiedtoB.mustbetiedbyC.shouldtietoD.canbetiedwi