第六章氧化还原滴定习题答案:6.1计算在H2SO4介质中,H+浓度分别为1mol·L-1和0.1mol·L-1的溶液中VO2+/VO2+电对的条件电极电位。(忽略离子强度的影响,已知=1.00V)答案:OHVOeHVO2222[H+]=1mol·L-1’=1.0+0.059lg12=1.00V[H+]=0.1mol·L-1’=1.0+0.059lg0.012=0.88V6.2根据Hg22+/Hg和Hg2Cl2的溶度积计算Hg2Cl2/Hg。如果溶液中Cl-浓度为0.010mol·L-1,Hg2Cl2/Hg电对的电位为多少?答案:Hg2Cl2+2e-=2Hg+2Cl-(Hg22+/Hg=0.796VKsp=1.310-18)2/22/lg2059.0lg2059.02222ClKHgspHgHgHgHg[Cl-]=1mol·L-1:Hg2Cl2/Hg=0.796+(0.059lg1.310-18)/2=0.268V[Cl-]=0.01mol·L-1:Hg2Cl2/Hg=0.796+(0.059lg1.310-18)/2(0.059lg0.012)/2=0.386V6.3找出以下半反应的条件电极电位。(已知=0.390V,pH=7,抗坏血酸pKa1=4.10,pKa2=11.79)脱氢抗坏血酸抗坏血酸答案:半反应设为:A2-2H+2e-=H2AAHAAAHHH22lg2059.0lg2059.0'211222KaKaHKaHHAH90.279.1110.4710.427271010101010101079.410.1189.15211221101010aaaaaAKKHKHKK222lg059.0'VOHVOV079.0101010lg2059.039.090.22779.4'6.4在1mol.L-1HCl溶液中用Fe3+溶液滴定Sn2+时,计算:(1)此氧化还原反应的平衡常数及化学计量点时反应进行的程度;(2)滴定的电位突跃范围。在此滴定中应选用什么指示剂?用所选指示剂时滴定终点是否和化学计量点一致?答案:2Fe3+Sn2+2Fe2+Sn4+(’Fe3+/Fe2+=0.68V,’Sn4+/Sn2+=0.14V)(1)3.18059.0214.068.0059.02'lg'- KK2.010183.1811lg'lg22223422xxxxSnFeSnFeKx99.9999%(2)化学计量点前:VSnSn23.01.09.99lg2059.0'/24化学计量点后:VFeFe50.01001.0lg059.0'/23化学计量点:Vsp32.02114.0268.0(3)选用亚甲基兰作指示剂(’In=0.36V)。6.5计算pH=10.0,cNH3=0.1mol.L-1Zn2+/Zn的溶液中电对的条件电极电位(忽略离子强度的影响)。已知锌氨配离子的各级累积稳定常数为:lg1=2.27,lg2=4.61,lg3=7.01,lg4=9.067;NH4+的离解常数为Ka=10-9.25。答案:Zn2+2e-=Zn(=0.763V)2lg2059.0'ZnZn223322223ZnNHZnZnNHZnZnCZnZnNH434232311NHNHNH而071.034334101113HKaNHNHNHNHNHHNH又NH3(H)=cNH3/[NH3]则[NH3]=0.1/100.071=100.9337.540.939.0630.937.0120.934.610.932.27NHZn0110101010101010101α32V920.0101lg2059.0763.037.5'6.6在酸性溶液中用高锰酸钾法测定Fe2+时,KMnO4溶液的浓度是0.02484mol·L-1,求用(1)Fe;(2)Fe2O3;(3)FeSO4.7H2O表示的滴定度。答案:5Fe2++MnO4+8H+=5Fe3++Mn2++4H2O故MnO4~5Fe2+~5Fe~5/2Fe2O3~5FeSO4.7H2O1/006937.0100085.5502484.01510001544mLgMCTFeKMnOKMnOFe1/009917.0100069.15902484.025432mLgTKMnOOFe1/703453.0100002.27802484.015424mLgTKMnOOHFeSO6.7称取软锰矿试样0.5000g,在酸性溶液中将试样与0.6700g纯Na2C2O4充分反应,最后以0.02000mol.L-1KMnO4溶液滴定剩余的Na2C2O4,至终点时消耗30.00mL。计算试样中MnO2的质量分数。答案:有关反应为:MnO2+C2O42+4H+=Mn2++2CO2+2H2OMnO42+5C2O42+16H+=2Mn2++10CO2+8H2O故:MnO2~C2O42MnO42~5C2O42%60.86100%0.500086.94210530.000.02134.000.6700100%mMn25nω3样MnOMnOOCMnO2424226.8称取褐铁矿试样0.4000g,用HCl溶解后,将Fe3+还原为Fe2+,用K2Cr2O7标准溶液滴定。若所用K2Cr2O7溶液的体积(以mL为单位)与试样中Fe2O3的质量分数相等。求K2Cr2O7溶液对铁的滴定度。答案:Cr2O72+6Fe2++14H+=2Cr3++6Fe2++7H2O161000c3210024.0OFeM1/002798.0100085.5569.1596100100024.0161000162722mLgMCTFeOCrFe6.9盐酸羟氨(NH2OH.HCl)可用溴酸钾法和碘量法测定。量取20.00mLKBrO3溶液与KI反应,析出的I2用0.1020mol.L-1溶液滴定,需用19.61mL。1mLKBrO3溶液相当于多少毫克的NH2OH.HCl?答案:有关反应为:BrO3+5Br+6H+=3Br2+3H2OBr2+2I=2Br+I2I2+2S2O32=2I+S4O62故:BrO3~3Br2~3I2~6S2O32133301667.01000.201061.1910200.061613232LmolVnCKBrOOSKBrOm(NH2OH.HCl)=c(BrO3)×M(NH2OH.HCl)=1.158mg·mL-16.10称取含KI之试样1.000g溶于水。加10mL0.05000mol.L-1KIO3溶液处理,反应后煮沸驱尽所生成的I2,冷却后,加入过量KI溶液与剩余的KIO3反应。析出I2的需用21.14mL0.1008mol.L-1Na2S2O3溶液滴定。计算试样中KI的质量分数。答案:有关反应为:5I+IO3+6H+=3I2+3H2OI2+2S2O32=2I+S4O62故:5I~IO3~3I2~6S2O32%02.12%100000.101.1665101008.014.21611005.010%100615332323样mMnnKIOSIOKI6.11将1.000g钢样中的铬氧化成Cr2O72-,加入25.00mL0.1000mol.L-1FeSO4标准溶液,然后用0.0180mol.L-1KMnO4标准溶液7.00mL回滴剩余的FeSO4溶液。计算钢样中铬的质量分数。答案:有关反应为:Cr2O72+6Fe2++14H+=2Cr3++6Fe2++7H2O5Fe2++MnO4+8H+=5Fe3++Mn2++8H2O故:2Cr~Cr2O72~6Fe2+MnO42~5Fe2+%10053142样mMnnCrMnOFeCr%24.3%100000.100.521000.70180.0500.251000.03136.1210.00mL市售H2O2(相对密度1.010)需用36.82mL0.02400mol.L-1KMnO4溶液滴定,计算试液中H2O2的质量分数。答案:5H2O2+2MnO4+6H+=5O2+2Mn2++8H2O故:5H2O2~2MnO4%7441.0%10000.10010.102.341082.3602400.025%10025322422样mMnOHMnOOH6.13称取铜矿试样0.6000g,用酸溶解后,控制溶液的pH为3~4,用20.00mLNa2S2O3溶液滴定至终点。1mLNa2S2O3溶液相当于0.004175gKBrO3。计算Na2S2O3溶液的准确浓度及试样中Cu2O的质量分数。答案:有关反应为:6S2O32+BrO3+6H+=3S4O62+Br-+3H2O2Cu+2S2O32=2Cu++S4O62故:6S2O32~BrO36mol167.01gc110-30.004175131500.001.167101004175.06322LmolCOSNa又2S2O32~2Cu~Cu2O%77.35%1006000.009.143101500.000.2021%10021322322样mMnOCuOSOCu6.14现有硅酸盐试样1.000g,用重量法测定其中铁及铝时,得到Fe2O3+Al2O3沉淀共重0.5000g。将沉淀溶于酸并将Fe3+还原成Fe2+后,用0.03333mol.L-1K2Cr2O7溶液滴定至终点时用去25.00mL。试样中FeO及Al2O3的质量分数各为多少?答案:有关反应为:Cr2O72+6Fe2++14H+=2Cr3++6Fe2++7H2O`故:6FeO~3Fe2O3~6Fe~Cr2O72%92.35%10000.184.711000.2503333.06%10063272272样mMVCFeOOCrOCrFeO又3227232272621OFeOCrOCrOFeMVCm%08.10%100000.169.1591000.2503333.06215000.0%1003323232OAlOFeOAlmmm样共6.15称取含有As2O3与As2O5的试样1.500g,处理为含AsO33-和AsO43-的溶液。将溶液调节为弱碱性,以0.05000mol.L-1碘溶液滴定至终点,消耗30.00mL。将此溶液用盐酸调节至酸性并加入过量KI溶液,释放出的I2再用0.3000mol.L-1Na2S2O3溶液滴定至终点,消耗30.00mL。计算试样中As2O3与As2O5的质量分数。答案:有关反应:H3AsO3+I2+H2O=H3AsO4+2I+2H+(弱碱介质中)(1)H3AsO4+2I+2H+=H3AsO3+I2+H2O(酸性介质中)(2)I2+2S2O32=2I+S4O62(3)故:2As2O3~H3AsO3~2I2%89.9%100500.184.1971000.3005000.02