搜索
Trammingmotorcircuit,opensystem开式输送马达系统Circuitstructure液压图1.Tank油箱9.Checkvalve单向阀2.Electricmotor电动马达10.BrakeValve(pressurecontrolvalve)刹车阀3.Pump泵11.Hydraulicmotor液压马达4.Pressurecontrolvalve压力控制阀12.BrakeValve(pressurecontrolvalve)刹车阀5.Checkvalve单向阀13.Checkvalve单向阀6.Directionalvalve(proportional)比例方向阀14.Checkvalve单向阀7.Checkvalve单向阀15.Checkvalve单向阀8.Non-returnvalve单向阀Withdirectionalvalve6thevolumeflowratefromthepumpcanbecontrolledsothattherotationspeedandrotationdirectionofmotor11ischanged.Thefunctionofbrakevalves10and12istobrakethemotorwhenthevolumeflowratefromthepumpisstopped,andwhenoperatingdownhill.Checkvalve15preventshydraulicfluidbeingledtothetankthroughthesuctionline.通过方向阀6可以控制从泵流向马达的流量从而可以调节马达11的转速，刹车阀10和12用来当泵停止工作时或下坡时给马达刹车，单向阀15用于防止液压油由吸油管流回油箱。Circuitfunction液压回路的功能Neutralposition中位Inneutralpositionthevolumeflowrateisledfromthepumpthroughtheopencentreindirectionalvalve6directlytothetank.Hydraulicmotor11isbrakedbybrakevalves10and12bymeansofthemlockingsothathydraulicfluidcannotflowoutfromthemotor.Thehydraulicmotorcanthereforenotrotatebecauseofexternalload.当方向阀6处于中位时泵的输出由通过阀6的中位口直接流回油箱，液压马达被刹车阀10和12锁死，不能被外力转动。Inordertoprotectthecircuitagainstdamageifthepressurebecomestoohigh,e.g.onadownhillslope,thebrakevalvescanopenintheeventofoverpressure.SpringforcesFdetermineatwhichpressurelevelthebrakevalvesopen.为了防止刹车回路油压过高（在斜坡上操作时）而损坏系统，刹车阀会在压力过高时打开刹车阀，弹簧力F决定刹车阀打开的压力。ThehydraulicfluidthatleaksinthetrammingmotorisreplacedthroughasuctionlineT.输送马达的泄漏油通过管T流回油箱。Tramming输送Whenthedirectionalvalve6isinthepositiondrawnthevolumeflowrateisledfromthepumpthroughcheckvalve7,directionalvalve6andcheckvalve13tothehydraulicmotor.Brakevalve10opensbymeansofpilotlineP1.Brakevalve12doesnotopenfrompilotpressureP2,becauseitactsonasmallerpistonareainthebrakevalve.当方向阀6处于上图位置时，泵的输出液压油通过单向阀7，方向阀6和单向阀13流向液压马达。刹车阀10通过液控压力P1打开，刹车阀12因P2压力不够因此不能开启。Thereturnflowfromthemotorflowsthroughbrakevalve10,viaanon-returnvalveanddirectionalvalve6tothetank.马达的回油通过刹车阀10，单向阀和方向阀6回到油箱Duringbrakingwhileoperatingtheflowtothemotorisstoppedwiththedirectionalvalve.Brakevalve10inthemotor'sreturncircuitnowstartstoclose,becauseitlackspilotpressureP1.Themotorisbrakedbythereturnflowbeingstopped.刹车时泵的输出液压油被方向阀阻断，由于刹车阀的液控压力不够因此刹车阀将关闭，液压马达由于回油油路关闭因而被锁死。Trammingonadownhillgradient斜坡输送Whentrammingonadownhillgradientorwhenbraking,externalforcesmaymeanthatthemotorseekstorotatefasterthantheflowofhydraulicfluidpermits.Themotorisdrivenaroundbythewheels,andsoactsasapump.当在斜坡上刹车或输送时，马达可能因外力作用转速会比液压油允许的转速快，这时马达就会被轮子带动，像泵一样工作。WhenthisoccursthepressureP1decreasesandbrakevalve10restrictsthevolumeflowrateandbrakesthemotor.当上述情况发生时，P1的压力减小，刹车阀10阻尼液压油的流量，刹住马达。TrammingforSurfacerigs(ROCDochL)地面钻具的输送ThediagramaboveshowsthetwomotorcircuitsonasurfaceROCDorL.Pumpsandcontrolcircuitshavebeenremovedfromthediagram.InD-rigs,twofixeddisplacementpumpsareusedwithopencentrummainvalves.InL-rigs,variableloadsensingpumpsareusedinstead.上图是地面钻具ROCD或L的双马达液压图，上图中没有画出控制回路和泵。D型钻具应用的是两个定量泵和中位为开式的主阀，L型钻具应用的时负载感应变量泵。Thereisabuilt-invalveblockineachmotor,containinganumberofvalves.Whentramming,thepumppressureisdeliveredintothediagramfromthebottomsideintotheA-ports,whiletheB-portsareconnectedtotank(ortheotherwayaroundwhentrammingintheoppositedirection).每个马达都内置一个包含几个阀的阀块，泵的压力由A口流入，图中B口接油箱。Insidethevalveblock,thereisapilotcontrolledbrakevalvethatopensthereturnlinefrommotortotankwhenthepressuredifferencebetweenbothsidesissufficientlylarge.Withoutthepressuredifference,theflowinthereturnlineisstoppedandthemotorissloweddown.阀块内部有一个液控刹车阀，当两端的压差很大时它将打开由马达到油箱的回油油路，当没有压差时，回油油路被关闭，马达减速。Parkingbreak停车制动的解除Ineachmotorshaftthereisaspringappliedbrakethancanonlybereleasedthroughapplicationofapilotpressure.Inthesystem,thereisapilotcontrolleddirectionalvalvethatthroughasequencevalve(introducingadelay)andapressurecontrolvalvedeliverspilotpressuretothebrakes,aslongasthereissufficientpressuredifferencebetweenthetwolinestothemotor,i.e.assoonastheoperatorreleasestheparkingbrake.每一个马达的轴上都有一个弹簧刹车，只能通过导向压力解除，系统中通过一个液控方向阀，一个顺序阀和一个压力控制阀将导向液压油输送到刹车处，只要马达两个端的液压油压差足够大，则停车制动被解除。Themotorshavevariabledisplacementintwolevels.Withpressureinthepilotline(hashedlineinthediagramabove)themotorsareengagedatalowdisplacement,whichgiveshigherrotationspeedatagivenvolumeflow(i.e.highgear).Withoutthepilotpressure,bothmotorsarecoupledforlargedisplacement(i.e.lowgear).马达根据条件的不同有两个排量，当马达的液控回路有压力时，马达为小排量，即马达在给定流量下转速增快，当马达的液控回路没有压力时马达为大排量。Inthediagramaboveyoucanseetrammingonhighgear.ThepressurefromthepumpsisdeliveredintheA-ports,throughanon-returnvalveintotheleftmotorinlet.Thepumpdistributespressurealsothroughashuttlevalveintomotorcontrol,engaginghighgear.Thisispossibleaslongasthereispilotpressure(hashedline)inthelineontheleft.上图为高速输送的液压图，泵的输出压力由A口流入，通过单向阀来到马达的进油口，泵的输出压力还通过一个梭阀来控制马达的高低速（通过马达液控油路是否有压力）。Trammingmotorcircuit,closedsystem闭环马达输送系统Thistypeofcircuitiscommonforundergroundrigs,e.g.someBoomerrigs.Circuitstructure液压结构图1Tank油箱9.Checkvalve单向阀2Dieselengine柴油发动机10.Trammingmotor输送马达3Feedpump补油泵11.Pressurecontrolvalve(shockvalve)压力控制阀4Mainpump主泵12.Checkvalve单向阀5Contro