第四章烯烃

1第四章烯烃1.给出下列化合物的构型式（1）异丁烯（2）(Z)-3-甲基-4-异丙基-3-庚烯CH3C=CH2CH3CH3CH2C=CCHCH3CH3CH2CH2CH3CH3（3）(Z)-3-chloro-4-methyl-3-hexene（4）2,4,4-trimethyl-2-penteneCH3CH2C=CCH2CH3CH3ClCH3C=CHCCH3CH3CH3CH3（5）trans-3,4-dimethyl-3-hexeneCH3CH2C=CCH2CH3CH3CH32、用英汉对照命名下列化合物C=CHCH2CH2CH3CH3CH2(CH3)2CH(1)(2)C=CCH3CH2ClCH3H(Z)-2-甲基-3-乙基-3-庚烯;(E)-2-甲基-1-氯-2-丁烯;(Z)-3-ethyl-2-methyl-3-heptene(E)-1-chloro-2-methyl-2-butene(CH3)3CCH=CH2(3)(4)CH3CH2C=CHCH2CH2CH3H3,3-二甲基-1-丁烯(Z)-3-庚烯;3,3-dimethyl-2-butene(Z)-3-heptene3、写出1-甲基环己烯与下列试剂反应的产物构造式和名称（如果有的话）:(1)H2/Ni1-甲基环己烷CH3CH3CH3(2)Cl2ClCH3ClH（反）-1-甲基-1,2-二氯环己烷CH3CH3H（反）-1-甲基-1,2-二溴环己烷(3)Br2BrBrCH3CH3H（反）-1-甲基-1,2-二碘环己烷(4)I2II21-甲基-1-溴环己烷CH3(5)HBrCH3Br1-甲基-2-溴环己烷CH3CH3Br(6)HBrROOR1-甲基-1-碘环己烷CH3(7)HICH3I1-甲基-1-碘环己烷CH3HICH3I(8)ROOR(9)H2SO4CH3OSO3HCH31-甲基环己基氧磺酸CH3OHCH31-甲基环己醇(10)H2O,H+CH3HCH3(11)Br2,H2OBrOH+CH3HBrOH（1R,2R）-1-甲基-2-溴环己醇（1S,2S）-1-甲基-2-溴环己醇CH3HCH3BrOH1-甲基-2-溴环己醇+(12)Br2,NaI+H2O1-甲基-2-溴-1-碘环己烷1-甲基-1,2-二溴环己醇()CH3HBr()BrCH3HBr()ICH3(13)O3Zn/H2OOCHO2-羰基庚醛CH3()(14)RCO3HOCH31-甲基-1,2-环氧环己烷CH3()（顺）-1-甲基-1,2-环己二醇(15)冷，碱性KMnO4OHOHCH3H3CH3OCOOH2-羰基庚酸(16)KMnO4热的4、写出溴和丙烯加成反应的能量-反应进程图5、3,3,3-三氯丙烯和HCl加成时生成CF3CH2CH2Cl，为什么反应不服从马氏规则？答：由于-CF3的强吸电子作用，反应的中间体为：CF3CH=CH2+H+CF3CH2CH2+CF3CHCH3+(A)(B)（A）比（B）稳定，所以主要产物为CF3CH2CH2Cl6、A的结构为：CH3CH2C=CCH3CH3CH3C=CHCH2CH2CH2CH3CH3HCH3CH2C=CCH3CH3CH3BC7.A为:及其顺反异构体CH3CH2C=CHCH3CH3CH28、比较下列各组烯烃与硫酸的加成活性:(1)乙烯溴乙烯；(2)丙烯≈2-丁烯；(3)氯乙烯1,2-二氯乙烯；(4)乙烯CH2=CHCOOH；(5)2-丁烯异丁烯.42+ROORCCl3Cl3CHCCl39.ROROROH++A.B.CH2=CH(CH2)5CH3CH2=C(CH2)4CH3CH3Cl3CCH2CHCH2(CH2)4CH3Cl3CCH2CCH2(CH2)3CH3CH3HCCl3Cl3CCH2CH2CH2(CH2)4CH3Cl3CCH2CHCH2(CH2)3CH3CH3反应B比A快，因为自由基加成中生成的中间体B比A更稳定。Cl2hvCH3CH=CH2CH2CHCH2BrBrClCH2CH=CH2ClBr210.11、用实验室方法合成下列化合物(1)由乙烷合成乙烯:NaOHCH3CH3Cl2hvCH3CH2Cl醇CH2=CH2(2)由丙烷合成丙烯:NaOH+CH3CH2CH3Cl2hvCH3CHCH3ClCH3CH2CH2Cl醇CH3CH=CH2(3)由丙烷合成1,2-二溴丙烷:CH3CH=CH2CH3CHCH2BrBrBr2(4)由丙烷合成1-溴丙烷:CH3CH=CH2HBrROORCH3CH2CH2Br(5)由2-溴丙烷合成1-溴丙烷:CH3CH2CH2BrHBrROORNaOHCH3CHCH3Br醇CH3CH=CH2(6)由1-碘丙烷合成1-氯-2-丙醇:NaOHCH3CHCH2ClOHCl2CH3CH2CH2I醇CH3CH=CH2H2O(7)由丙烷合成异丙醇:5CH3CH2CH3NaOHCl2hvCH3CHCH3Cl醇CH3CH=CH2CH3CHCH3OHH2OH2SO4(8)由正丁醇合成2-碘丁烷CH3CH2CH2CH2OHHICH3CH2CH=CH2CH3CH2CHCH3IAl2O3(9)由2-甲基-2-戊醇合成异己烷:CH3CCH2CH2CH3OHCH3CH3C=CHCH2CH3CH3H+H2/NiCH3CHCH2CH2CH3CH3(10)由3-氯-2,2-二甲基丁烷合成2,2-二甲基丁烷NaOH醇CH3CHClCCH3CH3CH3CH2=CHCCH3CH3CH3H2/NiCH3CH2CCH3CH3CH3（11）由2-丁醇合成正丁醇CH3CH2CH2CH2OHCH3CHCH2CH3OHCH3CH=CHCH3H+NBSROORCH3CH=CHCH2ClH2/PtCH3CH2CH2CH2ClH2OOH-+CH3C=CH2CH3H+CH3CHCH3CH3+CH3C=CH2CH3CH3CCH2CCH3CH3CH3CH3+(CH3)3CHCH3CCH2CHCH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CCH3CH3+12.CH3C=CHCH2CH2C=CHCH2OHCH3CH3CH3C=CHCH2CH2C=CHCH2OH2CH3CH3+H+H2OCH3C=CHCH2CH2C=CHCH2CH3CH3++CH3CH3CH3H2O+CH3CH3CH3OH2H+CH3CH3CH3OH13.