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PETROLEUMGEOLOGY石油地质ApplicationofGeologyConcepts地质概念geologicalfactor地质因素earlyexploration早期勘探surfaceexploration地面勘探subsurfaceexploration地下勘探predrillingexploration钻前勘探geophysicalexploration地球物理勘探geochemicalexploration地球化学勘探seismograph地震仪theseismicmethod地震勘探法thegravimetermethod重力勘探法themagnetometer磁力勘探法ERSATEarthResourceSatellite地球资源卫星explorationapplication勘探应用basinevaluation盆地评价wildcatwells区域范围内预探井DepositionalEnvironment沉积环境depositionalbasin沉积盆地sedimentaryenvironment沉积环境depositionalenvironment沉积环境recentdepositionalenvironment近代沉积环境interpretationofenvironment环境解释environmentcolor环境颜色post-depositionalhistoryofthesediments沉积物的后沉积历史geologicalhistory地质历史historyofdeposit沉积历史depositionalsequence沉积序列geochemicalenvironment地球化学环境thesignificantindicatorsofenvironmentofdeposition沉积环境的明显标志diagnosticfossile特征化石internalstructureoffossils化石的内部结构sedimentarystructures沉积构造syngeneticstructure同生构造compacting压实作用cementation胶结作用sorting分选作用oxidation氧化作用continentalaeolian陆相风成deltaic三角洲aeolian风成三角洲alluvial冲击三角洲transitionaldeltaic海陆过渡三角洲沉积相coastalinterdeltaic三角洲滨海沉积相deltaicplain三角洲平原prodeltaicplain前三角洲平原marine海相沉积normalmarine正常海相slope大陆坡shelf大陆架offshorearea浅海地区deepoceanareas深海地区deep深海GeologicalStructures地质构造earthmovement地壳运动crustalmovementoftheearth地壳运动contourmap等高线图，构造图thestructuralarrangement构造排列oldshoreline古岸线pinchout地层尖灭truncationofbeds地层截断sandtrend砂层趋势strata/beds岩层，地层fold褶皱anticline背斜syncline向斜symmetricalanticline对称背斜plungingasymmetricalanticline不对称倾伏背斜plungingsyncline倾伏向斜fault断层normalfault正断层reversefault逆断层thrustfault逆掩断层lateralfault平移断层rotationalfault旋转断层upthrustfault仰冲断层unconformity不整合disconconformity假整合angularunconformity角度不整合saltdome盐丘domewithdeepsaltcore具有盐核的穹隆vitrinite镜质体geologicalprofile地质剖面outcrops露头unweatheredoutcrops未经风化的露头cuttings岩屑core岩心Origin&MigrationofPetroleum油气的成因与运移asourceofoilandgas油气源sedimentaryrocks沉积岩intheabsenceofoxygen缺氧的环境sourcerocks生油岩organicmatter有机物质land-deliveredorganicmatter陆生有机物livingorganisms有机生物themarinelife海洋生物themicroscopeandplantlife微生物，植物sediment/deposit沉积物clasticmaterial碎屑物chemicalprecipitates化学沉积物sourceofpetroleum油母质proteins蛋白质organiccarbon有机碳theorganiccarboncontent有机碳的含量kerogen干烙根humus腐殖质peat泥碳heavyhydrocarbon重烃saturatedhydrocarbon饱和烃unsaturatedhydrocarbon非饱和烃nonhydrocarboncompounds非烃类化合物originofpetroleum石油的成因originofgas天然气的成因maturationofpetroleum石油的成熟度formationtemperature地层温度geologicalage(maturity)地质年龄（成熟度）depthofbural埋藏深度basinposition盆地位置occuurrenceofpetroleum石油的产状salinity矿化度sulfurcontent含硫量crudeoilgravity原油的比重refractiveindex折射率flashandburnpoint闪光点和燃点cloudandpourpoint浊点和倾点coefficientofexpansion膨胀系数density密度odor气味opticalactivity旋光性waxcontent含蜡量undernormalhydrostaticpressure一般流体静压力下movementofwater原生水的运动naturaldrivingforce自然驱动力overlyingsediment上覆沉积物migration油气的运移primarymigration初次运移seconderymigration二次运移PetroleumAccumulation石油聚集petroleumreservoir石油储集层reservoirrocks储集岩sandstonereservoir砂岩储集层carbonatereservoir碳酸盐岩储集层sufficientthickness有效的厚度goodreservoirporosityandpermeable良好的储层孔隙度和渗透率porosity孔隙度permeablity渗透率sufficientarealextentandporespace足够的面积和孔隙空间solutionchannels溶洞fracturing裂隙theporositycharacteristicofrocks岩石的孔隙特征theintergranularporosityofsandstone砂岩的粒间孔隙interparticle（颗粒和晶体间的）粒间孔隙intraparticle（颗粒溶解引起的）粒间孔隙theporespaceofrockformation岩层孔隙空间reservoirpressure储层压力formationpressure地层压力thehydrostaticpressure流体静压力thehydrostaticalpressuregradient静水压力梯度trap圈闭basicreservoirtraps储集层基本圈闭faulttraps断层圈闭anticlinetraps背斜圈闭stratigraphictraps地层圈闭lenticulartraps透镜体圈闭hydrocarbontraps烃类圈闭potentialhydrocarbontraps潜在的烃类圈闭thrusttraps逆掩断层圈闭hydrodynamictraps(movingliquid)水动力圈闭updipterminationofporosity上倾尖灭changeinlithology岩性变化convergence地层敛合erosion侵蚀faulting断层piercement刺穿onlap超覆archeduppersurface上表层隆起folded褶皱differentialthickness不同厚度differentialporosity不同孔隙度anticlinereservoirstructure背斜储层结构impermeablecover非渗透性盖层shaleandevaporites页岩和蒸发岩