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西方文化导论选择题10道填空题10道概念题4道问答题2道（课后题）一、概念题1.DaVinciLeonardodiserPieroDaVinciwasanItalianRenaissancepolymath:painter,sculptor,architect,musician,scientist,mathematician,engineer,inventor,anatomist,geologist,cartographer,botanistandwriter.LeonardohasoftenbeendescribedasthearchetypeoftheRenaissanceMan,amanofunquenchablecuriosityandfeverishlyinventiveimagination.Heiswidelyconsideredtobeoneofthegreatestpaintersofalltimeandperhapsthemostdiverselytalentedpersonevertohavelived.AccordingtoarthistorianHelenGardner,thescopeanddepthofhisinterestswerewithoutprecedentandhismindandpersonalityseemtoussuperhuman,themanhimselfmysteriousandremote.MarcoRoscipointsout,however,thatwhilethereismuchspeculationaboutLeonardo,hisvisionoftheworldisessentiallylogicalratherthanmysterious,andthattheempiricalmethodsheemployedwereunusualforhistime.2.ShakespeareWilliamShakespearewasanEnglishpoetandplaywright,widelyregardedasthegreatestwriterintheEnglishlanguageandtheworld'spre-eminentdramatist.HeisoftencalledEngland'snationalpoetandtheBardofAvon.Hissurvivingworks,includingsomecollaborations,consistofabout38plays,154sonnets,twolongnarrativepoems,andseveralotherpoems.Hisplayshavebeentranslatedintoeverymajorlivinglanguageandareperformedmoreoftenthanthoseofanyotherplaywright.3.blackhumorThedefinitionofblackhumorisproblematic;ithasbeenarguedthatitcorrespondstotheearlierconceptofgallowshumor;andthat,ashumorhasbeendefinedsinceFreudasacomedicactthatanesthetizesanemotion,allhumorisblackhumor,andthatthereisnosuchthingasnon-blackhumor.二、填空题1.Pindarisbestknownforhisodescelebratingthevictoriesattheathleticgames,suchasthe14Olympicodes.2.ThethreegreattragicdramatistsofancientGreeceareAeschylus,Sophocles,andEuripides.3.AeschyluswrotesuchplaysasPrometheusBound,PersiansandAgamemnon.4.Euripides（欧里庇得斯）wrotemainlyaboutwomeninsuchplaysasAndromache,Medea,andTrojanWomen.5.Comedyalsoflourishedinthe5thcenturyB.C..ItsbestwriterwasAristophanes,whohasleftelevenplays,includingFrogs,Clouds,WaspsandBirds.6.Euripides_isthefirstwriterofproblemplays.7.Herodotus（希罗多德）isoftencalled“FatherofHistory”.HewroteaboutthewarsbetweenGreeksandPersians.8.Thucydides（修西得底斯）describedthewarbetweenAthensandSpartaandbetweenAthensandSyracuse,aGreekstateontheIslandofSicily.9.Pythagoras（毕达哥拉斯）wasaboldthinkerwhohadtheideathatallthingswerenumbers.10.Pythagoraswasthefounderofscientificmathematics.11.She-wolfisthestatuewhichillustratesthelegendofcreationofRoman.12.ThedividingrangeintheRomanhistoryrefersto27B.C.13.“Icame,Isaw,Iconquered.”issaidbyJuliusCaesar.14.JesuswentwithhisdisciplestoJerusalemforthePassover,butwasbetrayedbyJudas.15.In313theEdictofMilan(米兰敕令)wasissuedbyConstantineIandgrantedreligiousfreedomtoallandmadeChristianitylegal.16.In392A.D,EmperorTheodosiusmadeChristianitytheofficialreligionsoftheempireandoutlawedallotherreligions.17.Charlemagne,whotemporarilyrestoredorderinwesternandcentralEurope,wasperhapsthemostimportantfigureofthemedievalperiod.18.Charlemagnewascrowed“EmperoroftheRomans”bythePopein800.19.TheSummaTheologica（《神学大全》）bySt.ThomasAquinas（formsanenormoussystemandsumsupalltheknowledgeofmedievaltheology.20.In18th-centuryEngland,twowritersmustbementionedasfarastheperiodicalessayisconcerned:AddisonandSteele.21.BothAddisonandSteelecontributedtoTheTatlerandTheSpectator,twoseriesofperiodicalessays.22.In1492theMoors（摩尔人）thathadruledSpainforfourcenturiesweredrivenoutfromtheirlaststronghold.23.In1492ColumbusdiscoveredAmericanandclaimedAmericaforSpain.24.ThemostimportantcontributionstothemusicalworldbyBeethovenwereinthosemusicalformsassociatedwiththegrowthofthesonata).25.SwanLakewascomposedbyTchaikovsky.三、选择题1.WheredidtheRenaissancestartwiththefloweringofpaintings,sculptureandarchitecture?A.inGreeceandRomeB.inFlorenceandVeniceC.inMilanandFlorenceD.inItalyandGermany2.WhendidtheRenaissancereachitsheightwithitscentermovingtoMilan,thentoRome,andcreatedHighRenaissance?A.inthe11thcenturyB.inthe15thcenturythC.inthe16centuryD.inthe17thcentury3.WhichofthefollowingworksiswrittenbyBoccaccio?A.DecameronB.CanzoniersC.DavidD.Moses4.WhichofthefollowingHighRenaissanceartistsisthefatherofthemodernmodeofpainting?A.RaphaelB.TitianC.daVinciD.Michelangelo5.WhichofthefollowingHighRenaissanceartistswasbestknownforhisMadonna(VirginMary)?A.TitianB.daVinciC.MichelangeloD.Raphael6.WhotookupthetranslationoftheBibleintoEnglishforthefirsttime?A.JanHusB.JohnWyliffC.MartinLutherD.JohnCalvin9.WhoistheauthorInstitutesoftheChristianReligion?A.JohnWycliffB.JanHusC.JohnCalvinD.Erasmus10.BywhichyeartheMoslemshadtakenoverthelastChristianstrongholdandwonthecrusadesandruledalltheterritoryinPalestinethatthecrusadershadfoughttocontrol?A.1270B.1254C.1096D.129111.Whichofthefollowingwascrowned“EmperoroftheRomans”bythePopein800?A.St.ThomasAquinasB.CharlemagneC.ConstantineD.KingJames12.WhowastheruleroftheAnglo-SaxonkingdomofWessexandcontributedgreatlytothemedievalEuropeanculture?A.CharlesIB.ConstantineIC.AlfredtheGreatD.CharlestheGreat13.DoesSongofRolandbelongtowhichcountry’sepic?A.EnglishB.GermanicC.HebrewD.French14.WhoistheauthoroftheOp