高层建筑火灾疏散与紧急避难设计

四川理工学院毕业设计(论文)高层建筑火灾疏散与紧急避难设计学生：刘佳学号：12031040112专业：安全工程班级：2012级1班指导老师：罗智文四川理工学院化学与环境工程学院二〇一六年六月四川理工学院毕业设计（论文）中文摘要I高层建筑火灾疏散与紧急避难设计摘要高层住宅建筑占到我国高层建筑的一半以上，由于其垂直高度高，发生火灾时火势蔓延快、扑救难度大，往往会造成比较严重的人员伤亡。一方面，近年来高层住宅建筑发展过快，我国针对高层住宅建筑的消防设计与安全管理还不太完善；另一方面，通过对国内外人员安全疏散的现状研究发现对人员密集的公共场所的研究多，而对高层住宅人员安全疏散的研究比较少。而人面临火灾时，在不同的环境下也会有不同的表现；另外，火灾时人员疏散方式的有效性直接影响着人员疏散的效率。如何在安全疏散允许的时间内，能够让人员和财产快速地疏散转移，避免火灾产生的高温和烟气的危害，这就是高层建筑火灾安全疏散设计的根本目的。在高层建筑发生火灾后，建筑物内疏散人员如何在最短的时间，安全有效地疏散到安全地带，是人员疏散成功的重要步骤。这时如何避免在火灾中受害的避难设计显得尤为重要。关键词：高层建筑火灾伤害人员疏散行为决策四川理工学院毕业设计（论文）英文摘要IIHigh-RiseBuildingFireEvacuationandEmergencyEvacuationDesignAbstractThenumberofhigh-risebuildingismorethan50%ofallhigh-risebuildingsinChina.Becausehigh-risebuildinghashighuprightnessaltitude,onceitisonfire,thefiresmokewillbespreadrapidlyandhardlytoputitoff.Evenworse,itmaycauseseriouscasualty.Ononeside,thefiredesignandsafetymanagementofhigh-risebuildingcannotsatisfyoccupant'ssafetyrequirement.Ontheotherside,thefireevacuationresearchofpubicplacesisverypopular,butitislackofstudyingatfireevacuationofhigh-risebuilding.PeoplewillhavedifferentactionindifferentsurroundingswhentheyareinfireTherefore,howtoletpersonnelandtheirpropertyquicklyevacuatedinashorttimeandavoidtheharmfromhightemperatureandfluegasgeneratedbythefire.That'sthefinalpuposeofdesigntomakeasafetyevacuationwhenthehigh-risebuildingwasfired.Onceithappened,avitalstepisevacuatingtoasafeareafromthebuildingintheshortesttimesafeandeffective,Atthistime,ashelterdesignofhowtoescapefromthefireisparticularlyimportant.Keywords:high-risebuilding,firedamage,evacuation,behavior,decision四川理工学院毕业设计（论文）目录III目录中文摘要......................................................................................................................I英文摘要....................................................................................................................II1绪论.........................................................................................................................11.1引言..................................................................................................................11.2背景及意义.........................................................................................................11.3国内外研究现状.................................................................................................21.3.1安全疏散理论研究进程.............................................................................21.3.2国内研究现状..........................................................................................21.3.3国外研究现状..........................................................................................21.4高层建筑火灾的主要危险性因素........................................................................31.4.1高层建筑火灾特点...................................................................................31.4.2高层建筑火灾的致害因素.........................................................................41.4.3人流密度对安全疏散的影响......................................................................61.5灭火救援的难度..................................................................................................61.6电梯疏散...........................................................................................................71.6.1电梯疏散特点..........................................................................................71.6.2电梯疏散的隐患.......................................................................................82高层建筑概况........................................................................................................92.1高层建筑平面布置图...........................................................................................92.2建筑物的符合性................................................................................................102.3高层建筑周边环境............................................................................................103火灾疏散与避难设计.......................................................................................123.1安全疏散基本要求............................................................................................123.1.1安全疏散设计的基本原则.......................................................................123.1.2传统疏散存在的问题..............................................................................123.2安全疏散时间..................................................................................................133.2.1室内火灾的发展进程..............................................................................133.2.2实际安全疏散时间.................................................................................153.2.3安全疏散时间计算.................................................................................173.2.4安全疏散距离........................................................................................213.3建筑物内部影响疏散的因素.............................................................................21四川理工学院毕业设计（论文）目录IV3.3.1建筑内需要疏散人数..............................................................................213.3.2建筑实例建筑节点...........................................................................